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801 



DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 

STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 

PRESCRIBED BY THE — ■ - 

BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS 



AMENDED JANUARY, 1913 

AND FURTHER AMENDED BY ACTION OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE 
BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS. APRIL 18. 1913 

AMENDMENTS APPROVED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE 



EDITION: APRIL 26, 1913 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1913 



Form 801 



DEPARTMENT OF CQMMERCE 

^'-STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS 

PRESCRIBED BY THE = 

BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS 



AMENDED JANUARY, 1913 

AND FURTHER AMENDED BY ACTION OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE 
BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS, APRIL 18. 1913 

AMENDMENTS APPROVED BY THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE 



EDITION: APRIL 26, 1913 




WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1913 



1 \ 



D. OF D. 
JUi^ 2 1913 



X 






AMENDED STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION RULES AND REGULATIONS. 



Department of Commerce, 

Office of the Secretary. 

WasJiin^ton, March 27, 1913. 
To United States supervising ajid local inspectors, Steamboat- Inspection 
Service, aiid others concerned: 
At the regular annual meeting of the Board of Supervising Inspec- 
tors, St-eamboat-Inspection Service, held in Washington, D. C, from 
January lo to March S. inclusive, 1913, in pursuance of section 4405, 
Revised Statutes of the United States, the following action was taken 
by the board. 

The following changes were made in the General Rules and Regu- 
lations: In Rule I, sections 1 to 7, inclusive, were amended. In 
Rule II, old section 20. relating to socket bolts, was struck out; the 
sections following section 19 were renumbered, and old sections 1, 9, 
16, 17, 23, 25, 2^, 29. and 30 were amended. In Rule III, the last 

Paragraph of section 12 was made section 8, and sections were renum- 
ered accordingly. Old sections 1, 3, 4. 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 17, 19, 22, 
and 23 were amended. Sections 7 and 13 of Rule IV were amended. 
Most of the sections of Rule Y were amended and the sections of the 
rule were radically transposed. Sections 4 and 8 of Rule VI and sec- 
tion 2 of Rule VII were amended. In Rule X. sections 1 and. 4 were 
struck out, new section 10 was substituted for old sections 12 and 13, 
sections were renumbered, and old sections 2, 3, and 10 were amended. 

The minutes of the executive committee meetings held on April 26, 
May 21 to June 2, June 13 and 14, September 25 and 26, and October 
7. 1912, were approved by the board. 

The amendments to the rules and regulations have been approved 
by the Secretary of Commerce and have the force of law, under the 
provisions of section 4405. Revised Statutes, and must be observed 
accordingly. 

The rules for lights for barges and canal boats in tow of steam ves- 
sels were amended by the board, which amendments have been ap- 
proved by the Secretary of Commerce, under the provisions of section 
2 of the act of Congress approved June 7, 1897, which rules will be 
effective on and after July 1, 1913. 

The Brude lifeboat and the Jacques boat-releasing appliance were 
approved by the board. The approval of the Berthon collapsible 
liieboat was withdrawn by the board. 

The following-named fiVe extinguishers, as listed herein, were ap- 
proved by the board: Cascade, Ma^ic, Rehable, Red Devil, Hansen 
continuous chemical fu-e apparatus, Firex (dry powder) . and the Harker 
system for compartments of steamers. The Magic, Red Devil, and 

(3) 



Keliable fire extinguishers were approved as having a capacity for 
extinguishing burning gasohne. 

The approval and disapproval of various devices by the board re- 
ceived the approval of the Secretary of Commerce, under the provi- 
sions of section 4491, Revised Statutes. 

An improved boiler, presented by James W. Kidney, of Point 
Pleasant, W. Va., was approved by the board, under the provisions 
of section 4429, Revised Statutes. 

The rules for riveting under head of Appendix have been transposed 
to section 10, Rule II. 

William C. Redfield^ 

Secretary. 



ADDENDUM. 



The Executive Committee of the Board of Supervising Inspectors, 
at a meeting held on April 18, 1913, amended sections 12 and 30, 
Rule II; section 6, Rule III, and sections 27, 28, and 29, Rule V, 
which amendments, included herein, were approved by the Secretary 
of Commerce on April 21, 1913. 



OFFICERS OF THE STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION SERVICE/ 



Geo. Uhler, Supervising Inspector General, 
DiCKERsoN N. Hoover, Jr., Chief Cleric, 

Washington, D. C. 



SUPERVISING INSPECTORS. 

First district. — John K. Bulger, San Francisco, Cal. 
Second district. — Henry M. Seeley, New York, N. Y. 
Third district. — John tV. Oast, Norfolk, Va. 

FourtJi district. — — , St. Louis, Mo. 

Fifth district. — John D. Sloane, Boston, Mass. 
Sixth district. — Eugene L. Dorsey, Louisville, Ky. 
Seventh district. — Daniel J. Dougherty, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
EigJitli district. — Charles H. Westcott, Detroit, Mich. 
Ninth district. — Nils B. Nelson, Cleveland, Ohio. 
Tenth district. — John A. Cotter, New Orleans, La. 

TERRITORY EMBRACED IN SUPERVISING DISTRICTS. 

First district embraces all waters and rivers of the United States 
west of the Rocky Mountains, and the Hawaiian Islands. 

Second district embraces all the waters of Long Island Sound 
west of the Connecticut River and the tributaries thereto, that por- 
tion of Long Island lying west of Riverhead, and the waters of the 
Atlantic coast, rivers, and tributaries from Long Island to Cape 
Charles. 

Third district embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers, 
and tributaries between Cape Charles and Cape Sable. 

Fourth district embraces the Mississippi River and tributaries 
from above Greenfield, Mo,, to the head of navigation on the Missouri 
River, and to the head of navigation on the Illinois River. 

Fifth district embraces the waters of the Atlantic coast, rivers, 
and tributaries from the eastern boundary of the United States to and 
including the Connecticut River, and that portion of Long Island east 
of and including Riverhead. 

Sixth district embraces the Ohio River and tributaries up to and 
including CarroUton, Ky., and the Mississippi River and trioutaries 
from Greenville, Miss., up to and including Greenfield, Mo. 

Seventh district embraces the Ohio River and tributaries above 
CarroUton, Ky. 

Eighth district embraces all the waters of the Great Lakes north 
and west of Lake Erie with their tributaries. 

1 List of oflBcers and clerks, corrected to April 26, 1913. 
(5) 



Ninth district embraces all the waters of the Kiver St. Lawrence, 
Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, and their tributaries. 

Tenth district embraces the coast and tributary waters of the 
Gulf of Mexico, between Cape Sable and the mouth of the Rio Grande, 
and the Mississippi River and tributaries to Greenville, Miss., and 
Porto Rico. 



LOCAL INSPECTORS. 



District. 


Port. 


Of hulls. 


Of boilers. 


First 


San Francisco, Cal 

do 


James Guthrie 


Joseph P. Dolan. 
John E. Wynn, assistant. 
Thomas J. Young, assistant. 
John B. Wolters assistant 




Cecil Brown, assistant... 




Charles F. Herriman, assistant 

Frank H. Turner, assistant 

John N. Ansell, assistant 

William Howe 




do 

Honolulu, Hawaii 

Juneau, Alaska 

Portland, Oreg 

St. Michael, Alaska. . . 
Seattle. Wash 


George W. Quinn, assistant. 
Thomas J. Heeney. 
Thomas E Kell 




Geo. H. Whitney . . 




Edward S. Edwards 


Geo. F. Fuller. 




Thomas P. Deering 


Carl F. Lehners 




Bion B. Whitney 


Robert A. Turner. 




"k 


Evan Griffiths, assistant 

WiUiam Fisher, assistant 

Henry S. Smith, assistant 

Donald S. Ames, assistant i . . . 
Geo. T. Charlton 


Harry C. Lord, assistant. 
Frank H. NewhaU, assistant. 




do 


Thomas Short, assistant. 


Second 


do 

New York, N.Y 

do..... 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

.....do 

do 

do 

do 


George Q. Weldin, assistant.i 
John L. Crone. 




Edward Keane, assistant 

Frank J. Smith assistant 

Charles M. Bunce, assistant. . . 

Thos. H. Foster, assistant 

Joseph Watkinson, assistant . . 
WiUiam Norman, assistant.. . . 

Henry Wellman, assistant 

Cornelius H. Smith, assistant . 
Everett J. Millikin, assistant. . 

H. McG. Taylor, assistant 

Hector R. Campbell, assistant - 
Alan S. Johnstone, assistant... 

Humphrey Jones, assistant.... 


Wm. G. Fenwick assistant. 
Wm. H. Powers, assistant. 
Richard F. Wilson, assistant. 
John E. Wilson, assistant. 
John W. Fleming, assistant. 
John J. McCarthy, assistant. 
John Wright, assistant. 
John E. Gunn, assistant. 
Jesse 0. Arkebauer, assistant. 
Alfi-ed G. Knights, assistant. 
Frank C. Williams, assistant. 
Frederick M. Jennings, assist- 
ant. 
John B. Hayward, assistant. 2 
Edward G. AUen, assistant » 




Albany, N.Y 


Robert B. Keller 


Andrew Gaiil. 




New Haven, Conn 

Philadelphia, Pa 

do 

do 

do 


Victor E. Wright. 


Frederick L. Dennis. 




Redford A. Sargent 


David H. Howard. 




Harry S. Miller, assistant 

HannonM. Power, assistant.. 
Hugh MacPherson, assistant. . 
Peter C. Rickmers, assistant. . . 
Robert E. Tapley 


Samuel A. MiUs, assistant. 
Wilfred Dougherty, assistant. 


Third 


do 

Norfolk, Va 


Joseph N. J. Seltzer, assistant. 
Edward W. Bray. 




do.. 

do 


Alexander Calcott, assistant . . . 
Charles Thompson, assistant - . 
Chas. W. Wright 


Thomas J. Hanlon, assistant. 
Henry L. Simpson, assistant. 




Baltimore, Md 

do 

do 

.do 


Edwin F. White. 




Richard A. Dunn, assistant- . . 

August E. Blom, assistant 

Paul H. Tyler, assistant 

Frederick B. Rice 


Michael Stanton, assistant. 
David C. Young, assistant. 
John Milne, assistant. 




Charleston, S. C 

Jacksonville, Fla 

Savannah, Ga .. 


Joseph K. Cotton. 
John J. Strauchon. 




James F. Tjlev 




Wm. G. Lee 


Edward B. Fitzgerald. 


Fourth 


St. Louis, Mo 


Rees V. Downs 


Wm. J. Macdonald. 




Dubuque, Iowa 

Boston, Mass 




James I. Cary. 
Andrew J. Savage. 


Fifth 


John F. Blain 




do 


Oscar G. Haines, assistant 

Ernest D. Sproiil, assistant *. . 

Frank C. Lane, assistant 

Chas. . Cousins 


Wm. M. Oilman, assistant. 




do ... 


Frank L. Goudey, assistant. 




do 


Albert R. Jackson, assistant.* 




Bangor, Me 


Walter L. BlaisdeU. 




New London, Conn. .. 
Portland, Me 


Wm E.Withey 


John Stewart. 






John H. Trevett. 




l^rovidence, R. I 

Louisville, Ky 

E vansvillc, Ind 

Memphis, Tenn 

Nashville. Tenn 

Pittsburgh, Pa 

Cmcinnati, Ohio 

Point Pleasant, W.Va. 
Detroit, Mich 


George F. Waite 


Chas. A. Potter. 


Sixth 




George R. Bower. 




Richard H. Williams 






William J. Hodge. . 


Charle3 T. Greenwood. 




George M. Green 


Joe M. St. John. 


Seventh 


Isaac B. Williams 


Charles G. Thomas. 




John K. Peyton 


George W. Dameron. 




Wm. H.Clark 


James W. Kidney. 


Eighth 


Frederick J. Meno 


Geor e M. Milne. 




Chicago, ni 


Ira B. Mansfield 


William Nicholas. 




Duluth, Minn 


.; ohn Monaghan 


Michael F. Chalk. 




Grand Haven. Mich. . . 


Robert Reid 


Charles C. Eckliff. 



Detailed to Portland, Oreg, 
2 Detailed to Pittsburgh, Pa. 



3 Detailed to Coatesville, Pa. 
< Detailed to Providence, R. I. 



LOCAL INSPECTORS— Continued. 



District. 


Port. 


Of hulls. 


Of boilers. 


Eighth (Con.).. 


Marquette, Mich 

MUwaukee, Wis 

do 

do 


Charles M. York 


Charles M. Gooding. 
William A. Collins. 


Frank W . Van Patten 




Thos. W. Swift, assistant 

John F. Hansen, assistant i .. . 
Gustav E. Atkinson, assistant - 
Samuel Thurston, assistant s. . 
Henry C. McCallum 


, assistant. 

George Purvis, assistant. i 




do 


John T. Farnham, assistant. 2 




do 

Port Huron, Mich 

Cleveland, Ohio 

Buffalo, N. Y. 


Ralph H. Revnolds, assistant.' 


Ninth 


Thonias W. Gould 


James McGrath. 




Frederick L. R. Pope 


Wm. P. Nolan. 




do 


James M. Todd, assistant 

David A. Curran, assistant < . . . 
W. Warren Rcckwell 


Robert Noone, assistant. 




do 


Silas H. Hunter, assistant.* 




Burlington, Vt 

Oswecfo N Y 






Charles A Potter 


Robert Chestnut 




Toledo, Ohio 




Wallace Tomey. 
Cecil N. Bean 


Tenth 


New Orleans, La 

do 


Benjamin F. Kelly 




Robert J. Mc Bride, assistant. . . 
Henry 0. Lueders, assistant... 
George H. Whiteside 


Peter J. Dromgool, assistant. 




do 


Robert F. Hall, assistant. 




Apalachicola, Fla 

Galveston, Tex 

Mobile, Ala 


Alton Pierce. 




John Leech 


Felix Smith. 




Samuel Taylor 


Eugene O'Brien. 




San Juan, P. R 


Wm. K. Martin 


Harold F. Bean. 









1 Detailed to Detroit, Mich. 

2 Detailed to Chicago, HI. 



3 Detailed to Grand Haven, Mich. 
* Detailed to Cleveland, Ohio. 



Clerks to local boards. 



Thomas R. Craigie, San Francisco, Cal. 
Hugo Hauser, San Francisco, Cal. 
Ambrose A. Clarke, San Francisco, Cal, 
James J. Sullivan, Honolulu, Hawaii. 
Arthur F. Merrill, Portland, Oreg. 
Jerome A. Desio, St. Michael, Alaska. 
Willis H. Rooks, Seattle, Wash. 
Wesley E. Walker, Seattle, Wash. 
Frank J. Dunlea, New York, N. Y. 
William H. Geoghan, New York, N. Y. 
Michael G. Appel, New York, N. Y. 
Thomas B. Martin, New York, N. Y. 
William C. Osborne, New York, N. Y. 
Max Rolnik, New York, N. Y. 
Garrett F. Malloy, New York, N. Y. 
Harold Schum, New York. N. Y. 
Joseph Specter, New York, N. Y. 
Abraham Levine, New York, N. Y. 
Thomas J. Reilly, Albany, N. Y. 
John S. Conway, New Haven, Conn. 
James E. Gallagher, Philadelphia, Pa. 
William E. McFarland, Philadelphia, Pa. 
Chas. W. Loux, Philadelphia, Pa. 
George M. Kitzmiller, Norfolk, Va. 
Wm. G. Collings, Norfolk, Va. 
Chas. L. Wiegand, Baltimore, Md. 
George B. Sprow, jr.,^ Baltimore, Md. 
George E. Meddaugh, Baltimore, Md. 
Harry F. Kabernagel, Charleston, S. C. 
George A. Gregory, Savannah, Ga. 
Henry E. Folluo, St. Louis, Mo. 
Wm. R. Oliver, Dubuque, Iowa. 
George A. Copeland, Boston, Mass. 
John M. B. Kelly, Boston, Mass. 



John J. J. Halloran, Boston, Mass. 
Horace N. Woodruff, Bangor, Me. 
John J. Mclntee, New London, Conn. 
Wm. H. O'Brion, Portland, Me. 
James N. Stover, Providence, R. I. 
Edward L. Sullivan, Providence, R. I. 
Arley R. Kimmerling, Louisville, Ky. 
Emory F. Kohlmeier, Evansville, I id. 
Harry A. Harrington, Memphis, Tenn. 
Ozro W. Brumfiel, Nashville, Tenn. 
Victor M. Grubb, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Henry Lindsay, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Augustus W. Snyder, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
William E. Monroe, Point Pleasant, W.Va. 
Alfred J. Dovle, Detroit, Mich. 
Arthur E. Schutt, Chicago, 111. 
Donald McLennan, Duluth, Minn. 
Elmer C. Hurless, Grand Haven, Mich. 
Elmer H. Becktell, Marquette, Mich. 
Lee R. Whitney, Milwaukee, Wis. 
David McArron, Port Huron, Mich. 
Edward Lawlor, Cleveland, Ohio. 
William B. Hubbard, Cleveland, Ohio. 
John E. Mulroy, Buffalo, N. Y. 
Harold R. Basse tt, Buffalo, N. Y. 
Thomas E. J. Lynch, Burlington, Vt. 
Charles F. Hager, Oswego, N. Y. 
Edward M. Mansuy, Toledo, Ohio. 
George J. West, New Orleans, La. 
Frederick F. Gensler, New Orleans, La. 
Wm. J. Glasgow, A4)alachicola, Fla. 
Joseph G. Sherfy, Galveston, Tex. 
J. Brooks Clark, Mobile, Ala. 



1 Detailed to Coatesville, Pa. 



GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS. 



Ktjle I. — Boiler Plate. 

Section. 

Bending and quenching test of steel 5 

Bending test of iron 7 

Bessemer steel plate allowed for tubes 4 

Boilers used for other than marine purposes allowed under certain conditions. . 2 

Chemical test required of steel plate 4 

Ductility and other qualities of steel plate, how obtained 5 

Ductility and other qualities of iron plate, how obtained 6 

Foreign-built boilers of vessels admitted to American registry 8 

Form of recording tests 7 

Gauge for determining the thickness of boiler plates 7 

Iron plates, tests required of 6 

Manufacturers to furnish affidavit 7 

Manufacturer's affidavit, form of 7 

Plates, how to be stamped by manufacturer 1 

Plates to be tested and inspected by inspectors 3 

Plates for repairs or to be carried in stock may be tested at mills 1 

Physical test required of steel plate 5 

Physical test required of iron plate 6 

Sample pieces, dimensions of, and how prepared 7 

Steel plates, only open-hearth to be allowed, except Bessemer steel for tubes. . 4 

Steel plate, tests required of 5 

Steel plate, certificate required of kind of manufacture, and of chemical analysis 

of 4 

Tensile strength, how obtained 5, 6 

Tensile strength of foreign-built boilers admitted to American registry 8 

STAMPS. 

1. Every iron or steel plate intended for the construction or repairs 
of boilers to be used on steam vessels shall be stamped by the manu- 
facturer in the following manner: 

At two diagonal corners, at a distance of about 8 inches from the 
edges, and at or near the center of the plate, with the name of the 
manufacturer, place where manufactured, and the number of pounds 
tensile stress it will bear to the sectional square inch, expressed in 
thousands. Plates shall not be stamped until after they have been 
tested by the inspector and each plate shall then be stamped with the 
minimum number of thousand pounds tensile stress it will bear to 
the sectional square inch. All tested plates in stock at the time of 
approval of these rules shall be accepted for the tensile strength 
stamped on such plates at the time oi the inspection. 

AIJL plates which conform to the physical, chemical, and other 
requirements prescribed by these rules shall be stamped by the 
inspector near the manufacturer's stamp, with the official stamp of 
the United States Steamboat-Inspection Service, and with the 
initials of his name and a serial number. 

Plates may be tested and inspected at the mills for repairs to 
marine boilers or to be carried in stock, the report of such test to be 

(9) 



(I, 1) 10 

in duplicate, one copy to be furnished through the supervising 
inspector to the local inspectors in the district where the purchaser 
of such material is located, and the other to the purchaser, who shall 
deliver a copy of the same to the parties using the material, who, 
in turn, shall submit the same to the local inspectors in the district 
where the material is to be used, before being assembled in the 
boiler. Steamers carrying such repair material to be used in emer- 
gencies shall carry the record of each sheet of such material on board. 
(Sees. 4430, 4431, R. S.) 

2. Boilers built since February 28, 1872, of material stamped and 
tested according to the requirements of section 4430, Revised Stat- 
utes, and having a record thereof in the office of the local inspectors 
in the district where the boiler was built or intended to be used, may 
be used for marine purposes, notwithstanding that such boilers may 
have been used for other purposes, if in the judgment of the local 
inspectors they are deemed safe. (Sec. 4430, R. S.) 

3. Every iron or steel plate to be used in the construction or repairs 
of boilers for steamers navigated under the provisions of Title LII, 
Revised Statutes, which will be subject to tensile strain in said boilers, 
shall be tested and inspected by an inspector duly authorized under 
the provisions of said title. (Sec. 4430, R. S.) 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, STEEL PLATES. 

4. Steel plates shall be made by the open-hearth process, except 
that steel for plates to be used in the manufacture of boiler tubes 
may be made by the Bessemer process. 

Open-hearth steel shall contain not more than .04 per cent of phos- 
phorus nor more than .04 per cent of sulphur. 

The manufacturer shall furnish the inspector, with each order 
tested, a certificate stating the process by which the steel was manu- 
factured and a copy of the analysis of each melt. The analysis may, 
if deemed expedient by the Supervising Inspector General, be verified 
at the expense of the manufacturer. (Sees. 4405, 4430, R. S.) 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, STEEL PLATES. 

5. When the tensile strength determined by the test is less than 
65,000 pounds, the minimum elongation shall be 25 per cent for 
plates three-fourths inch and under in thickness, and 22 per cent for 
plates over three-fourths inch in thickness. The minimum reduction 
of area shall be 48 per cent for plates three-fourths inch and under 
in thickness, and 42 per cent for plates over thi-ee-fourths inch in 
thickness. The quench bend specimen shall bend through 180° 
around a curve the radius of which is three-fourths the thickness of 
the specimen. When the tensile strength determined by the test 
is 65,000 pounds or greater, the minimum elongation shall be 22 per 
cent for plates three-fourths inch and under in thickness, and 20 
per cent for plates over three-fourths inch in thickness. The mini- 
mum reduction of area shall be 45 per cent for plates one-half inch 
and under in thickness, 40 per cent for plates over one-half inch up 
to and including 1 inch in thickness, and 36 per cent for plates over 
1 inch in thickness. The quench bend specimen shall bend through 
180° around a curve the radius of which is one and one-half times 
the thickness of the specimen. (Sec. 4430, R. S.) 



11 (I) 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, IRON PLATES. 

6. The tensile strength shall be not less than 45,000 pounds per 
square inch. The elongation shall be not less than 15 per cent. 
Tne reduction of area shall be not less than 15 per cent for 45,000 
pounds tensile strength, and for each increase of 1,000 pounds tensile 
strength up to 55,000 pounds, an addition of 1 shall be made to 
the requu'ed percentage of reduction of area. The bend test speci- 
men shall bend cold through 90° around a curve the radius of which 
is not greater than one and one-half times the thickness of the speci- 
men. (Sec. 4430, R. S.) 

7. Tension test specimens shall be milled to the form as shown- in 
figure 1, with the following dimensions: Length at least 16 inches, 
ends from H to 3^ inches wide by about 3 inches in length, and 
parallel section at center 1 to H inches wide by 9 inches in length. 
The percentage of elongation shall be measured in a gauge length of 
8 inches. 

Where specimens are to be tested on the testing machines of the 
Steamboat-Inspection Service, they shall be 1 inch wide at parallel 
section in center, and shall not exceed 2 inches in width on the ends. 



■{ About 3 inches. ). 



9 inches 



^ About 3 inches, j. 



Figure l. 

Bend test specimens shall be at least 12 inches in length and from 
1 to 3J inches in width, and the full thickness as rolled. The edges 
may be planed. The corners shall not be rounded but the sharpness 
may be removed with a fine file. After bending, the specimens shall 
show no cracks or flaws on the outside of the bent portion. 

Bend test specimens for steel plates, before bending, shall be heated 
to^ cherry red as seen in the dark, and quenched in water the temper- 
ature of which is about 82° F. 

Two tension and two quench bend tests shall be made from each 
plate as first rolled from the billet, slab, or ingot. 

The tension test specimens shall be cut from diagonal corners and 
the bend test specimens shall be cut from the other diagonal corners. 

The finished material shall be free from all injurious defects, and 
shall have a good and workmanlike finish. 

All measurements of test specimens and material shall be made by 
anj- standard American gauge, and record of tests shall be submitted 
on Form 934. (Sees. 4405, 4430, R. S.) 

[Form 935.] 

AFFIDAVIT OF MANUFACTURER OF MARINE STEAM BOILERS CON- 
STRUCTED OF MATERIAL TESTED AT THE MILLS. 

Department of Commerce, 

Steamboat-Inspection Service. 
State of , County of . 

On this day of , A. D. 191 — , personally appeared before me. 

a notary public in and for the county of — — and State of , Mr. 



, who deposes and says that he is , of , boiler manufac- 
turer, and has contracted to build — marine boiler for , of . 



(1,7) 



12 



Plate stamped • 



T. S.,from 



plate manufactured by 



-,of- 



which plate was tested at the mills by a United States assistant inspector, as 
provided in the act of Congress approved January 22, 1894, each of said plates having 

stamped thereon the words "U. S. Assistant Inspector" and the initials , and 

numbered as follows: . 

No plate for shell or other part of boiler subject to tensile strain, other than herein 
specified, will be used in the construction of said boiler , the dimensions of which will 
be: Length, ; diameter, . 





Material. 


Number. 


Length. 


Thickness. 


Diameter. 


Tubes 












Flues 





































Kind of furnaces, ; round, ; corrugated, — — ; fiat sides, . Thickness 

of plates of cylindrical shell of boiler, ; thickness of side sheets in flat side of 

furnace, ; thickness of flat top sheet of back connection, ; thickness of plates 

of cylindrical shell of back connection, ; thickness of material of boiler heads, 

; thickness of tube sheets, _ ; thickness of plates of shell of steam chimney, 

; thickness of plates in lining of steam chimney, ; thickness of side sheets, 

. Kind of rivets (iron or steel), ; diameter of rivet holes, ; pitch of 

rivets, . All rivet holes of boiler , including steam and mud drums, will be 

fairly drilled and no part of such holes will be punched, ; or punched, . 

All holes for stay bolts and tubes will be fairly drilled and no part punched, . 

All tubes used in the construction of said boiler are of the thickness and material 
required by, and have met all the other requirements of , the rules of the Board of Super- 
vising Inspectors, as shown by statement of the manufacturer of the tubes. Steam 

pressure for which boiler to be inspected, pounds. Style of boiler, . 

Boiler to be installed upon the steamer . 

Signature: . 

Subscribed and to before me this day of , 191 — . 

(Sworn or affirmed.) 

[notary's seal.] 



Notary Public. 

Note.— Inspectors will not accept this affidavit without the data required, unless accompanied by a satis- 
factory explanation in writing, to be filed with the affidavit. 

[Form 936.] 

AFFIDAVIT OF MANUFACTURER OF MARINE STEAM BOILERS. 



State of 
On this 



-, County of- 
day of 



Department of Commerce, 

Steamboat-Inspection Service. 



A. D. 191- 



, personally appeared before me, 

, a notary public in and for the county of and State of , Mr. 

, who deposes and says that he is , of , boiler manu- 



facturer, and that the accompanying samples of 

, of , were cut from plates stamped 

used in the construction of marine boiler -for — 



manufactured by 

— T. S., which are to be 
, and no plate for shell or 
other part of boiler subject to tensile strain of less tensile strength or (juality than 
herein specified will be used in the construction of said boiler , the dimensions of 
which will be: Length, ; diameter, . 





Material. 


Number. 


Length. 


Thickness, 


Diameter. 


Tubes 












Flues 






























1 





Kind of furnaces, ; round, ; corrugated, ; flat sides, ~. Thickness 

of plates of cylindrical shell of boiler, ; thickness of side sheets in flat side of 

furnace, ; thickness of flat top sheet of back connection, ; thickness of 

plates of cylindrical shell of back connection, ; thickness of material of boiler 



13 (I, 7) 

heads, ; thickness of tube sheets, ; thickness of plates of shell of steam chim- 
ney, ; thickness of plates in lining of steam chimney, ; thickness of side 

sheets, . Kind of rivets (iron or steel), ; diameter of rivet holes, ; pitch 

of rivets, . All rivet holes of boiler , including steam and mud drums, will be 

fairly drilled and no part of such holes will be punched, ; or punched, . 

All holes for stay bolts and tubes will be fairly drilled and no part punched, . 

All tubes used in the construction of said boiler are of the thickness and material re- 
quired by, and have met all the other requirements of, the rules of the Board of Super- 
vising Inspectors, as shown by statement of the manufacturer of the tubes. Steam 

pressure for which boiler to be inspected, pounds. Style of boiler, . 

Boiler to be installed upon the steamer . 

Signature: . 

Subscribed and to before me this day of , 191 — . 

(Sworn or aflarmed.) 

[notary's seal.] , 

Notary Public. 

Note.— Inspectors will not accept this affidavit unless the data required are given, unless accompanied 
by a satisfactory explanation in writing, to be filed with the affidavit. 

Inspectors may make requisition on the department for the neces- 
sary supply of blank affidavits for the use of boiler manufacturers. 
(Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

FOREIGN-BUILT BOILERS. 

8. Boilers of foreign-built vessels admitted to American registry 
shall be deemed, if of iron, to have a tensile strength of 45,000 pounds 
to the sectional square inch; and, if of steel, to have a tensile strength 
of 50,000 pounds to the square inch: Provided, Jiowever, That when 
the local inspectors of steamboats are furnished with an authentic 
copy of the tensile tests of the material entering into the construction 
of such boilers, the boilers shall be inspected and tested in accordance 
with the rules and regulations of the Board of Supervising Inspectors 
and allowed a steam pressure in accordance with the tensile strength 
of the material and general condition of the boilers. (Sec. 4405, U.S.) 

Rule II. — Boilers and Attachments. 

Section. 

Adamson type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 14 

Affidavit descriptive of boiler 1 

Affidavit required of boiler manufacturers using tested steel braces 17 

Angle stiffeners for curved surfaces 13 

Banca-tin plugs, how inserted 21 

Blue print or tracing descriptive of boiler 1, 25 

Brown's type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 9, 14 

Butt straps, thickness of 11 

Boilers, auxiliary, for seagoing steamers 5 

Boilers, coil and pipe, inspection of 25 

Boilers, date of building of 20 

Boilers, flash 22 

Boilers, space required from woodwork and at back end of 12 

Boilers, tubular, vertical 14 

Bumped heads, manhole in 8 

Bumped heads, material of 8 

Cast steel, cast iron, and other material, when allowed to be used 29 

Coil boilers 25 

Combustion chambers and back connections 13, 18 

Computations of strength of boilers 1 

Cone tops, pressure allowable on 14 

Concave and convex heads of boilers, pressure allowable on 8 

Corrugated flues, manner of ascertaining thickness of 14 

Copper pipes, steam, thickness of 28 

Copper and brass tubes, water-tube boilers using liquid fuel 25 

Cylindrical shells 2 



(II) 14 

Section. 

Date of building of boiler 20 

Diagonal stays, area of 17 

Donkey boilers, inspection of 5 

Drawings of boilers 1^ 25 

Drilled rivet holes, when required 2 

Drilling to determine thickness of plate of old boilers 6 

Drums and heads of water-tube boilers 25 

Electric process of welding allowable 26 

Evaporators, steam pressure allowable on 29 

Evaporators, safety valve required on , 29 

Feed and steam pipes 28 

Feed water, temperature of 27 

Feed-water heaters of cast iron, pressure allowable on 29 

Ferrosteel 29 

Fittings of boilers 29 

Flanges of copper pipes 28 

Flanges of wrought-iron and steel steam pipes. 28 

Flash boilers 22 

Flat heads of boilers, pressure allowable on 8 

Flat surfaces, pressure allowable on 19 

Fox type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 9, 14 

Flues. 3, 15 

Flues, riveted, table of pressure allowable on 15 

Flues, space required between flues and shell of externally fired boilers 3 

Flues used as furnaces, pressure allowable on 14 

Furnaces, pressure allowable on 14 

Furnaces, requirements of steel for 14 

Fusible plugs 21 

Girders, pressure allowable on .« 18 

Gauge cocks, number of, and how to be inserted 22 

Gauges, steam, kind admissible 23 

Gauges, low-water guard to prevent getting into steam pipe 22 

Gauges, low-water, for boilers 22 

Gauges to record steam pressure correctly to be attached 23 

Gusset stays, area of 17 

Heads, concave and convex, pressure allowable on 8 

Heads, flat, pressure allowable on 8 

Heads of drums, tubulous boilers, construction of 25 

Heads of boilers, western river steamers, thickness of 3 

Heaters, feed-water, of cast iron, pressure allowable on 29 

Holes cut in boilers to be strengthened 28 

Holes cut in bilge or bottom to be accessible 29 

Holes for stay bolts and tubes, rivet holes, and butt straps 10, 11 

Hollow-rolled screw stay bolts 17 

Hydrostatic pressure, proportion applied to steam pressure allowed 7 

Hydrostatic pressure recjuired for coil and pipe boilers 25 

Huston type brace, strain allowable on, and bending test required 17 

Leeds suspension bulb furnace 14 

Linings of steam chimneys, pressure allowable on 9 

Low-water gauge, western river steamers 3 

Location of fusible plugs 21 

Main steam pipe, thickness of, and pressure allowable on 28 

Manhole and handhole openings, construction of 4 

Manholes, dimensions of 3, 4 

Manifolds, tees, return bends, of malleable iron or cast steel, pressure for 25 

Manufacturer of steel boiler tubes required to furnish reports of physical tests . 16 

Manufacturer of boiler tubes, statement required of 16 

Manufacturers of valves and fittings, affidavit required of 29 

Manufacturers of boilers required to furnish affidavit of tests of steel braces. ... 17 

Manufacturers of boilers to furnish statement descriptive of boiler and affidavit. 1 

Maximum pitch of stays on flat surfaces 19 

Morison type of corrugated furnace, pressure allowable on 9, 14 

Mud-drum connections, diameter of 28 

Name plates 20 

Oxy-acetylene process of welding allowable 26 

Pipes of 2 inches and under, how attached 28 

Pipes, steam, water, and copper 28 



15 _ (II) 

Section. 

Pitch of stays, maximum, on flat surfaces 19 

Plate contamiiig certain data to be attached to boilers 20 

Porcupine boilers, pressure allowable on 25 

Pressure, steam, how to determine 2 

Pressure allowable on linings of steam chimneys 9 

Pressure, steam, allowed on stays 17 

Pressure allowable on girders 18 

Pressure, hydrostatic, how applied to boilers with steam chimneys 7 

Pressure, hydrostatic, proportion applied to steam pressure allowed 7 

Pressure allowed to boilei*s 10 years old or more, how to determine 6 

Pressure allowable on plain flues 14 

Purves type of furnace flue, pressure allowable on 9, 14 

Ribbed flues, manner of ascertaining thickness of 14 

Safety valves, kinds allowable, construction and attachments of 24 

Sea cocks, construction of 29 

Semisteel 29 

Separators of cast iron, pressure allowable on 29 

Slip joints 28 

Spherical-top furnace 14 

Stays and braces 17 

Steam chimneys, construction of 14 

Steam and mud drums 3 

Steam drums, when may be made of copper or brass 25 

Steam gauges .^ 23 

Steel for furnaces, tensile strength and elongation required 25 

Stop valves between check valves and steam and feed pipes 29 

Superheaters or steam chimneys 9 

Tubes made of copper or brass 25 

Tube sheets, pressure allowable on 13 

Tubes, material, and tests of IG 

Tubes, thickness of material required for 16 

Tubes, boiler, statement required of manufacturer of 16 

Valves and fittings 29 

Water glass requiied on all boilers 22 

Water-tube and coil boilers 25 

Welded steam and water pipes ' 28 

Welding by the electric, oxy-acetylene, or other processes allowable 26 

Western river boilers 3 

Woodwork and boilers, space required between 12 

DRAWINGS OF BOILERS. 

1. The manufacturer of any boiler to be used for marine purposes 
shall furnish the inspectors of the district where such boiler or boilers 
are to be inspected duplicate blue prints or tracings fully descriptive 
of same in detail for theii* approval, one of which shall be kept on file 
in the office of the local inspectoi:s and the other returned to the manu- 
facturer. Where more than one boiler is made from a similar design 
a drawing of which is on file in the local inspectors' office, if made at a 
different date, a reference to such drawing on file is all that shall be 
required. The manufacturer shall also furnish the inspectors an 
affidavit on either form 935 or 936, as contained in section 7 of Rule I. 

It shall be the duty of every local inspector of boilers to make, for 
every new boiler inspected in his district, all computations required 
by the rules and regulations, and any other necessary computations, 
from data obtained from blue prints or tracings, boUer manufac- 
turers' affidavits, tensile test reports, and from other reliable sources. 
A record of such computations in full shall be made on letter sheets 
and filed with blue prmts or tracings of boiler, the first sheet of such 
computations to be headed with a general description of boiler and 
with the vessel file number. (Sees. 4405, 4418, R. S.) 



(11) 16 



CYLINDRICAL SHELLS. 



2. The working steam pressure allowable on cylindrical shells of 
boilers constructed of plates inspected as required by these rules, 
when single riveted, shall not produce a strain to exceed one-sixth of 
the tensile strength of the iron or steel plates of which such boilers are 
constructed; but where the longitudinal la|)s of the cylindrical parts 
of such boilers are double riveted, and the rivet holes for such boilers 
have been fairly drilled instead of punched, an addition of 20 per cent 
to the working pressure provided for single riveting shall be allowed. 

The pressure for any dimension of boilers shall be ascertained by 
the following rule, viz: 

Multiply one-sixth of the lowest tensile strength found stamped on 
the plates in the cylindrical shell by the thickness — expressed in 
inches or part of an inch — and divide by the radius or half diameter, 
also expressed in inches, and the result will be the pressure allowable 
per square inch of surface for single riveting, to which add 20 per cent 
where the longitudinal laps of the cylindrical parts of such boiler are 
double riveted, when all the rivet holes of such boiler, including steam 
and mud drums, have been fairly drilled and no part of such holes has 
been punched. The pressure allowed shall be based on the plate 
whose tensile strength multiplied by its thickness gives the lowest 
product. (Sec. 4433, R. S.) 

WESTERN RIVER BOILERS. 

HEADS. 

3. All heads employed in the construction of cylindrical externally 
fired boilers for steamers navigating the Red River of the North and 
rivers whose waters flow into the Ginf of Mexico shall have a thickness 
of material as follows : 

For boilers having a diameter — 

Over 32 inches and not over 36 inches, not less than ^ inch. 
Over 36 inches and not over 40 inches, not less than ys inch. 
Over 40 inches and not over 48 inches, not less than f inch. 
Over 48 inches, not less than | inch. 

The heads of steam and mud drums of such boilers shall have a 
thickness of material of not less than half an inch; pressure to be 
determined by formula for flat heads. 

FLUES. 

Local inspectors, in determining the distance between the flues and 
the shells of externally fired boilers, under provisions of section 4434, 
Revised Statutes of the United States, shall take the measurements 
from the plate in the flue to the plate in the shell. (Sees. 4418, 4434, 
R.S.) 

MANHOLES. 

4. Manhole openings in front head of externally fired boilers, under 
the flues, as required by section 4434, Revised Statutes of the United 
States, shall be of dimensions of not less than 8 by 12 inches in the 
clear. It is also further provided that all boilers shall have a manhole 



17 (II, 4) 

opening above the flues or tubes where practicable for use, and also 
such openings shall be of the following dimensions : 

Boilers over 40 inches in diameter shall have an opening not less 
than 10 by 16 or 11 by 15 inches in the clear, except boilers 40 inches 
in diameter of shell and under shall have an openmg not less than 9 
by 15 inches in the clear in manholes. 

*^ Plates constructed of pressed steel of corrugated form without 
opening in plate for bolt, the corrugation forming the support for bolt, 
shall be allowed for manhole and handhole plates. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

DONKEY BOILERS. 

5. Every seagoing steamer carrying passengers shall be supplied 
with an auxiliary or donkey boiler of sufficient capacity to work the 
fire pumps, and such boilers shall not be placed below the lower 
decks, except on single-deck vessels, on any steamer hereafter built 
or applying for first inspection as a passenger steamer. 

DonKey boilers shall be inspected in the same manner as the main 
boilers. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

DRILLING TO DETERMINE THICKNESS. 

6. The shell of any boiler which has reached the age of 10 years 
shall, at the first annual inspection thereafter, and at such subsequent 
periods as the local or supervising inspectors may deem necessary, be 
drilled near the water line and at such other points in the shell as 
may be necessary to determine as nearly as possible the thickness 
of material, which ascertained thickness, together with the general 
condition of the boiler, shall govern the steam pressure allowed. (Sec. 
4430, R. S.) 

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE. 

7. The hydrostatic pressure applied shall be in the proportion of 
150 pounds to the square inch to 100 pounds to the square inch of the 
steam pressure allowed, and the inspector, after applying the hydro- 
static test, shall thoroughly examine every part oi the boiler. (Sec. 
4418, R. S.) 

REQUIREMENTS FOR HEADS. 

8. All plates used as heads, when new and made to practically 
true circles, and as described below, shall be allowed a steam pressure 
in accordance with the following formula : 

CONVEX HEADS. 

TxS 



P = 



R 



Where P = steam pressure allowable in pounds. 
T = thickness of plate in inches. 
S = one-fifth of the tensile strength. 
R= one-half of the radius to which the head is bumped. 

85797°— 13 2 



(II, 8) 18 



CONCAVE HEADS. 

For concave heads the pressure allowable shall be eight-tenths times 
the pressure allowable for convex heads. 

Note. — To find the radius of a sphere of which the bumped head forms a part, 
square the radius of head, divide this bj^ the height of bump required; to the result 
add height of bump, which will equal diameter of sphere, one-half of which will be 
the required radius. 

EXAMPLE. 

Kequired, the working pressure of a convex head of a 54-inch 
radius; material, 60,000 pounds tensile strength and one-half of an 
inch thick. Substituting values and solving, we have 

^ .5X12,000 ^^^ , 

P = —■ == 222 pounds. 

The pressure allowable on a concave head of the same dimensions 
would be 222 X. 8 = 177 pounds. 

To avoid grooving, the flanging shall be well rounded at the bend. 

Bumped heads may contain a manhole opening flanged inwardly, 
when such flange is turned to a depth of three times the thickness of 
material in the head. 

Material used in the construction of all bumped heads shall possess 
the physical and chemical qualities prescribed by the Board of 
Supervising Inspectors for all plates subject to tensile strain, as 
required by section 4430, Revised Statutes. 

FLAT HEADS OF WROUGHT IRON OR STEEL PLATE. 

Where flat heads do not exceed 20 inches in diameter they may 
be used without being stayed, and the steam pressure allowable shall 
be determined by the following formula : 

^ CxT^ 



Where P = steam pressure allowable in pounds. 

T = thickness of material in sixteenths of an inch. 

A = one-half the area of head in inches. 

C = 112 for plates seven-sixteenths of an inch and under. 

C = 120 for plates over seven-sixteenths of an inch. 
Provided, The flanges are made to an inside radius of at least Ih 
inches. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure of a flat head 20 inches in diameter 
and three-fourths of an inch thick. Substituting values, we have 

P= — v^ — =110 pounds. 
(Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

SUPERHEATERS OR STEAM CHIMNEYS. 

9. When superheaters or steam chimneys constructed of flues 
subject to external pressure have a thickness of not less than seven- 
sixteenths of an inch, and the flue is heated only with the waste 
gases, and the temperature does not exceed 600° F., the working 



19 (11, 9) 

pressure shall be determined by the rules for plam furnaces or flues, 
corrugated furnaces, and Adamson tyi)e. When flues are strengthened 
with tee u-ons, angle irons, or bowling rmgs the working pressure shall 
be determined by formula for plain furnace flues. When angle or 
tee bars are used they shall have a thickness of leaf of at least two- 
thirds that of plate, and a depth of at least one-fourth of pitch. Said 
tee bars shall oe substantially riveted to flue. All rivet holes in tees 
shall be drilled, holes shall be staggered, distance from center of rivet 
holes to edge of tees shall be not less than 1.5 times diameter of rivet 
holes, and percentage of plate section shall be not less than rivet 
section. Bowling rings may be used with a moderate thickness of 
plate, as they increase the strength and provide for expansion of flue. 
For all boilers carrying a steam pressure of over 60 pounds and not 
over 100 pounds per square inch, the flue may be braced with socket 
bolts in lieu of tee rings. Such bolts shall have heads and the ends 
shall be threaded for nuts, with plate washers or equivalent on the 
inside of flue. Pitch of stays and bolts and the maximum stress in 

Eounds allowable per square inch of cross-sectional area for stays and 
olts shall be determined by section 17, Rule II. 
If a greater working stress is desired on flues than that permitted 
by the formula for flues strengthened with bowling rings or tee irons, 
the flue may be braced to shell and may be deemed a flat surface, and 
shall be stayed in strict accordance with the rules for stays. 

Drainpipes shall be fitted to superheaters in which water is liable 
to coUect. Steam chimneys that are arranged to be disconnected 
from main boiler shall be provided with a safety valve not less than 3 
inches in diameter and with a steam gauge, and shall be provided 
with manholes, to enable inspectors to examine every portion of the 
Ulterior. Handhole and manhole plates shall be made of homo- 
geneous cast steel or of drop-forged or hydrauUc-pressed flange steel. 
Cast iron shall not be allowed in construction of any fittings used in 
connection with superheated steam. The steam outlet shall be 
located at the highest point of steam chimney. (Sec. 4418, R. S,) 

HOLES FOR STAY BOLTS AND TUBES, RIVET HOLES, AND BUTT STRAPS. 

10. All holes for stay bolts and tubes shall be fairly drilled and no 
part punched. 

The diameter of rivets, rivet holes, distance between centers of 
rivets, and distance from centers of rivets to edge of lap for dift'erent 
thicknesses of plates for single and double riveting shall be deter- 
mined by the following rules. 

The following formulas, equivalent to those of the British Board of 
Trade, are given for the determination of the pitch, distance between 
rows of rivets, diagonal pitch, maximum pitch, and distance from 
centers of rivets to ed^e of lap of single and double riveted lap joints, 
for both iron and steel boilers: 

Let p = greatest pitch of rivets in inches. 
n = number of rivets in one pitch, 
pd = diagonal pitch in inches, 
d = diameter of rivets in inches. 
T = thickness of plate in inches. 
Y = distance between rows of rivets in inches. 
E = distance from edge of plate to center of rivet in inches. 



(11, 10) 20 

TO DETERMINE THE PITCH. 

Iron plates and iron rivets : 

d2x.7854Xn , 

P= rp- +d. 

Example, first, for single-riveted joint: Given, thickness of plate 
(T) = J inch, diameter of rivet (d) = \ inch. In this case n = 1 . Re- 
quired the pitch. 

Substituting in formula, and performing operation indicated, 

Pitch^ (^)'^-y^^^V ^^2.077 inches. 

Example for double-riveted joint: Given, t = J inch and d = f| inch. 
In this case n = 2. Then — 

-p:. , (il)^X. 7854X2 . 13 ^ „_ . , 
Pitch = -^ 1 \-T^ = 2 .886 mches. 

^ 10 

For steel plates and steel rivets: 

2 3xd^X.7854Xn , 
^~ 28XT ■^^• 

Example for single-riveted joint : Given, thickness of plate = ^ inch, 
diameter of rivet = yf inch. In this case n = 1 . 

•p.. T 23X (11)2 X. 7854 XI ,15 ^ ati • -u 
Pitch = 28X^ ^ + ie=2.071 mches. 

Example for double-riveted joint : Given, thickness of plate = ^ inch, 
diameter of rivet = f inch. n = 2. Then — 



-p.,. 23X(|)2X. 7854X2 7 ^ „. . , 

Pitch = r^o-^, 1 he = 2.85 inches. 

Zo X Y ^ 

FOR DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF RIVET TO EDGE OF LAP. 



Example: Given, diameter of rivet (d)=f inch; required the dis- 
tance from center of rivet to edge of plate. 

3 X - 
E = — 2^ = 1.312 inches, for single or double riveted lap joint. 

FOR DISTANCE BETWEEN ROWS OF RIVETS. 

The distance between lines of centers of rows of rivets for double, 
chain-riveted joints (V) shall not be less than twice the diameter 
of rivet, but it is more desirable that V should not be less than 
4d+l 

2 

Example under latter formula: Given, diameter of rivet = J inch. 
Then— 

y_(4xiHj_ 2.25 inches. 



% 



21 (11, 10) 

For ordinary, double, zigzag riveted joints: 



^ V (llp + 4d) (p + 4d) 
10 

Example: Given, pitch = 2.85 inches, and diameter of rivet = | inch. 

Then— 

^.^V (11X2.85 + 4X|) (2.85 + 4x|) ^^_^3^ inches. 

DIAGONAL PITCH. 

For double, zigzag riveted lap joint. Iron and steel: 

6p + 4d 

Example: Given, pitch = 2.85 inches, and d = | inch. Then — 

(6X2.85) + (4 XD ^ ^. . , ^ 
Pd=^^ (q— ^ ^ = 2.06 mches. 

MAXIMUM PITCHES FOR RIVETED LAP JOINTS. 

For single-riveted lap joints: 

Maximum pitch = (1.31 X T) 4- If . 
For double-riveted lap joints: 

Maximum pitch = (2.62 x T) + If . 

Example: Given, a thickness of plate = ^ inch, required the maxi- 
mum pitch allowable. 

For single-riveted lap joint: 

Maximum pitch = (1 .31 X i) + If = 2.28 inches. 

For double-riveted lap joint: 

Maximum pitch = (2.62 x i) + If = 2.935 inches. 

To determine the pitch of rivets from the above formulas, use the 
diameter and area oi the rivet holes. The diameter of the rivets is 
the diameter of the driven rivet. 

Any riveted joint shall be allowed when it is constructed, so as to 
give an equal percentage of strength to that obtained by the use of 
the formula given. (Sees. 4418, 4433, R. S.) 

11. Where butt straps are used in the construction of marine boil- 
ers, the straps for single butt strapping shall in no case be less than 
the thickness of the shell plates; and where double butt straps are 
used, the thickness of each shall in no case be less than five-eighths (f ) 
the thickness of the shell plates. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

WOODWORK FROM BOILERS. 

12. Externally heated hollers shall have a clear space between the 
boiler and the woodwork of not less than 6 inches at the sides and 
4 inches at the top. 



(II, 12) 22 

Internally heated boilers shall have a clear space between the boiler 
and the woodwork of not less than 4 inches at the sides and 4 inches 
at the top. 

All woodwork or other ignitible substance approaching within 12 
inches of the boiler or smokestack (unless such boiler or smokestack 
is covered with good nonconducting material) shall be suitably 
sheathed with metal over noncombustible material, and it shall be 
the duty of the inspectors to see that all woodwork or other ignitible 
substance in or around the fireroom is properly protected by metal 
or asbestos sheathing. 

All boilers hereafter placed in wooden steamers shall have a clear 
space of at least 8 inches between the underside of the cylindrical 
shell and the floor or keelson; and on all other steamers the boilers 
shall be so placed as to permit of proper inspection of the underside 
thereof. 

All boilers shall have a clear space of not less than 4 inches between 
the back end of boiler and bulkhead. 

All boilers other than water-tube or coil boilers shall have a clear 
space of not less than 2 feet between the back end of boiler and 
bulkhead. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

ANGLE STIFFENERS FOR CURVED SURFACES. 

13. Where rounded bottoms of combustion chambers are stiffened 
with single angle-iron stiffeners, such angles shall have a thickness 
of leaf eight-tenths that of the plate and a depth of at least one-half 
pitch. Where stiffened with double angle irons or tee bars, such 
angles or tee bars shall have a thickness of leaf at least two-thirds 
that of plate and a depth of at least one-fourth of pitch. Said angles 
or tee bars shall be substantially riveted to the plate supported. 
Where the bottoms of combustion chambers are strengthened by 
angles or tee irons, the same shall be on the water side of the com- 
bustion chambers as shown in the sketches on pages 25-29. 

Where rounded tops of combustion chambers are stiffened with 
single or double angle-iron stiffeners or tee bars, such angles or tee 
bars shall be of thickness and depth of leaf not less than specified 
for rounded bottoms of combustion chambers. Said angles or tee 
bars shall be supported on thimbles and riveted through with rivets 
not less than 1 mch in diameter, and spaced not to exceed 6 inches 
between centers. 

Working pressure allowed on rounded surfaces supported by angle 
irons or tee bars shall be determined by the following formula: 

Workmg pressure = p ^ 

Where T = thickness of plate in sixteenths of an inch. 
P = pitch of angle or tee stiffeners, in inches. 
D = diameter of curve to which plate is bent, in niches. 



23 (II, 13) 

EXAMPLE. 

Given T = j^ of an inch. P = 7 inches. D = 51 inches. 
Substituting vakies in formula and solving. 

Working pressure = - , = 204 pounds per square inch. 

PRESSURE PERMISSIBLE OX ROUNDED BOTTOM OF COMBUSTION CHAM- 
BERS, ANGLES BEING OMITTED. 

■^ 5 (300T-2L) 
^~ D 

Where P = working pressure iii pounds. 

T = thickness of bottom plate of combustion chamber in 

inches. 
L = extreme length of plate forming bottom of combustion 

chamber in inches. 
D = twice outside radius of bottom of combustion chamber 

in inches. 

Requu'ed working pressure on bottom plate of a combustion cham- 
ber, angles being omitted: Thickness of plate, .82 of an inch; extreme 
length of plate, 33 inches; twice the radius of bottom of combustion 
chamber, 50 inches. Substituting and solving: 

T3 50X (300 X. 82 -2X33) ,^„ , 

P = ^ ^ -=180 pounds. 

PxD + lOOL 
15,000 

Pressure allowable on tube sheets where combustion chambers are 
not suspended from the shell of the boiler shall be determined by the 
following formula : 

(D-d) TX27,00Q 
^~ WxD 

Where P = working pressure in pounds. 

D = least horizontal distance between tube centers in inches. 
d = inside diameter of tubes in inches. 
T = thickness of tube plate in inches. 
W = extreme width of combustion chamber in inches. 

Required the working pressure of a tube sheet supporting a crown 
sheet braced by crown bars. Horizontal distance between centers, 
4| inches; inside diameter of tubes, 2.782 inches; thickness of tube 
sheets, eleven-sixteenths of an inch; extreme width of combustion 
chamber, 34} inches, measured from outside of tube plate to outside 
of back ])late; material, steel. Substituting and solving: 

-o (4.125-2.782) X. 6875X27,000 , „^ , 

P= 34.25X4.125 ^ ^^^ pounds pressure. 



(II, 13) 24 

The compressive stress on tube plates, as determined by the follow- 
ing formula, shall not exceed 13,500 pounds per square inch, when 
pressure on top of combustion chamber is supported oj vertical plates 
of such chamber. 

p PxDxW 

^~2 (D-d)T 

Where C = stress on tube sheet. 

P = working pressure in pounds. 

D = least horizontal distance between tube centers in inches. 
d = inside diameter of tube in inches. 
W = extreme width of combustion chamber in inches. 
T = thickness of tube sheet in inches. 

Sling stays may be used in lieu of girders in all cases; provided, how- 
ever, that when such sling stays are used, girders or screw stays of the 
same sectional area shall be used for securing the bottom of combus- 
tion chamber to the boiler shell. 

When girders are dispensed with and the top and bottom of com- 
bustion chambers are secured by sling stays or braces, the sectional 
area of such stays shall conform with the requirements of section 17, 
Rule II. 

The following drawings show an excellent practice of constructing 
combustion chambers with and without sling stays: 




25 



(II, 13) 




No. 1.— Full Load on Tube Sheet and Back Plate, 

Diameter of hangers should be sufficient to carry the weight of combustion chamber and one-half the 
tubes and furnaces when no water is in boiler. No effect of buoyancy is considered. 

These remarks are for separate combustion chambers when they are not secured to the shell at the bottom 
and therefore liable to bend the small screw stays. 

In this case the tube sheet and back plate get the full compressive load in a similar manner to a boiler 
without hanging stays. 



(II, 13) 



26 




No. 2.— Np:arly Wuoi.e Compressive Load Taken Off Tube Sheet. 
- Top hanging stays lake full compressive loud off tube sheet and back plate, except that half the load OQ 
unsupported portions marked ]{ beyond stays will be taken by the tube sheet and back plate, respectively, 
and ttie other half by ll^e last stays. 

The thickness of tube sheet and back plate may be materially reduced from what would be required whea 
tube sheet and back plate take full compressive load, providing that combustion chamber is well stayed to 
take full load at the bottom by screw stays or girders of plates and angles. 



27 



(II, 13) 




No. 3.— Nearly Whole Compressive Load Taken Off Tube Sheet. 

Top hanging stays take full compressive load off tube sheet and back plate, except that half the load on 
unsupported portions marked B bevond stavs will be taken bv the tube sheet and back plate, respectively, 
and the other half by the last stays. 

The bottom stays, whether of screw stays or girders of plates and angles, must be of the same sectional 
area as the top braces, and no boiler should be built having top stays as shown without having the bottom 
stays of equal strength. 



(11, 13) 



28 




No. 4.— TunE Sheet and Back Plate Get Full Load, 
and therefore should be heavy enough to withstand such. 



29 



(II, 13) 



/ i ^' # 




MJ 



-& ¥ 



i 



fly*, fitff, /tfti 



irt jr— ^ ir—Hi ir-^ ip^ if--Ti if 



TTs 



+ + + + 4-t + -+ 

+ + + + +-!-'+ + 

-+-+ + + + +-I-4- 

I I I I I I 



-H — I — h 

+ + 4-4--ft+4 
+ + 44-^- + +4 



1 ri! 



5 n 



t 



J 




No. 5.— Tube Sheets Each Take Part of Compressive Load, the Hanging Stays Taking Care of 

THE Other Part. 

The bottom stays, whether of screw stays or girders of plates and angles, must be of the same sectional 
area as the top braces. 

In this case the thickness of the tube sheets may be materially reduced from what would be required 
when tube sheets together take full compressive load. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 



(II) 30 

FURNACES. 

14. The tensile strength of steel used m the construction of cor- 
rugated or ribbed furnaces shall not exceed 67,000 and be not less 
than 54,000 pounds; and in all other furnaces the minimum tensile 
strength shall be not less than 58,000 and the maximum not more 
than 67,000 pounds. The minimum elongation in 8 inches shall be 
20 per cent. 

All corrugated furnaces having plain parts at the ends not exceed- 
ing 9 inches in length (except flues especially provided for), when 
new, and made to practically true circles, shall be allowed a steam 
pressure in accordance with the following formula: 

p CxT 

LEEDS SUSPENSION BULB FURNACE. 

p CxT 

Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-sixteenths of an 

inch. 
D = mean diameter in inches. 

C = a constant, 17,300, determined from an actual de- 
tructive test under the supervision of the board, 
when corrugations are not more than 8 inches from 
center to center and not less than 2 J inches deep. 

MORieON CORRUGATED TYPE. 

p CxT 
D 
Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-rsixteenths of an 

inch. 
D = mean diameter in inches. 

C = 15,600, a constant, determined from an actual destruc- 
tive test under the supervision of the Board of Super- 
vising Inspectors, when corrugations are not more 
than 8 inches from center to center and the radius of 
the outer corrugations is not more than one-half cf 
the suspension curve. 
[In calculating the mean diameter of the Morison furnace, the 
least inside diameter plus 2 inches may be taken as the mean dia- 
meter, thus — 

Mean diameter = least inside diameter + 2 inches.] 

FOX TYPE. 

p CxT 
D 

Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-sixteenths. 
D = mean diameter in inches. 

C = 14,000, a constant, when corrugations are not more than 
8 inches from center to center and not less than IJ 
inches deep. 



31 (II, 14) 



PURVES TYPE. 

^~ D 

Where P= pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than seven-sixteenths. 

D = least outside diameter in inches. 

C = 14,000, a constant, when rib projections are not more 

than 9 inches from center to center and not less than 

If inches deep. 

BROWN TYPE. 

P CxT 

Vrhere P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than five-sixteenths. 
D = least outside diameter in inches. 

C = 14,000, a constant (ascertained by an actual destructive 
test under the supervision of this board), when cor- 
rugations are not more than 9 inches from center to 
center and not less than If inches deep. 
The thickness of corrugated and ribbed furnaces shall be ascer- 
tained by actual measurement. The manufacturer shall have said 
furnace drilled for a one-fourth inch pipe tap and fitted with a screw 
plug that can be removed by the inspector when taking this measure- 
ment. For the Brown and Purves furnaces the holes shall be in the 
center of the second flat; for the Morison, Fox, and other similar 
types in the center of the top corrugation, at least as far in as the 
fourth corrugation from the end of the furnace. 

TYPE HAVING SECTIONS 18 INCHES LONG. 

p_CxT 

Where P = pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness in inches, not less than seven-sixteenths. 

D = mean diameter in inches. 

C = 10,000, a constant, when corrugated by sections not 
more than 18 inches from center to center and not 
less than 2 J inches deep, measuring from the least 
inside to the greatest outside diameter of the corru- 
gations, and having the ends fitted one into the other 
and substantiallv riveted together, provided that the 
plain parts at tlie ends do not exceed 12 inches in 
length. 

ADAMSON TYPE. 

When plain horizontal flues are made in sections not less than 18 
inches in length, and not less than five-sixteenths of an inch thick, 
and flanged to a depth of not less than three times the diameter of 
rivet hole plus the radius at furnace wall (inside diameter of furnace), 



(11, 14) 32 



the thickness of the flanges shall be as near the thickness of the body 
the plate as practicable. 

The radii of the flanges on the fire side shall be not less than three 
times the thickness of plate. 

The distance from the edge of the rivet hole to the edge of the 
flange shall be not less than the diameter of the rivet hole, and the 
diameter of the rivets before driven shall be at least one-fourth inch 
larger than the thickness of the plate. 

The depth of the ring between the flanges shall be not less than 
three times the diameter of the rivet holes, and the ring shall be 
substantially riveted to the flanges. The fire edge of the ring shall 
terminate at or about the point of tangency to the curve of the flange, 
and the thickness of the ring shall be not less than one-half inch. 

The pressure allowed shall be determined by the following formula : 

ADAMSON FURNACES IN SECTIONS OF NOT LESS THAN 18 INCHES IN LENGTH. 



H 



==^ [(18.75 XT) -(1.03 XL)] 



Where P = working pressure in pounds per square inch. 
D = outside diameter of furnace in inches. 
L = length of section in inches. 
T = thickness of plate in sixteenths of an inch. 

EXAMPLE, 

Given a furnace 44 inches in diameter, 48 inches in length, and 
one-half of an inch thick. Substituting values in formula, we have 



["(18.75X8) -(1.03X48)1 
1.309 (150 -49.44) = 131 pounds. 



57.6 
44 



SPHERICAL TOP FURNACES. 

Thickness and working pressure of furnaces of 20 inches in diame- 
ter and over, when tops are portions of spheres and made in one 
plate, shall be determined by the following formula: 

-T^ PxR ^2 
10,000^ 

Where P = working pressure in pounds. 

T = thickness of plate in inches when constructed of one 

plate. 
E, = radius of curvature in inches. 

% = efficiency per cent of riveted joint when end of furnace 
is constructed of more than one plate, the thickness 
will be % T. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the thickness of a spherical convex furnace made in one 
sheet. Working pressure, 125 pounds per square inch; radius of 
curvature, 34 inches. Substitutmg values, 



33 (11, 14) 

If the end of the furnace is constructed of more than one plate and 
efficiency per cent of riveted joint is 75, 



.75 
Solving for P, we have 



= .72 of an inch. 



p_(T-.12)x 10,000 



R 

Required the working pressure when end of furnace is constructed 
of a single plate. Thickness, .545 of an inch; radius of curvature, 34 
inches. Substituting values and solving, 

^ (.545 -. 12) X 10,000 



34 



125 pounds. 



PLAIN CIRCULAR RIVETED FLUES, FURNACES, AND CONE TOPS MADE IN SECTIONS OP NOT 
LESS THAN 18 INCHES IN LENGTH AND NOT LESS THAN FIVE-SIXTEENTHS OP AN INCH 
THICK. 

Cylindrical riveted flues and furnaces made in sections of not less 
than 18 inches in length fitted one into the other and substantially 
riveted, combustion chambers for vertical submerged tubular boilers 
in the shape of a frustum of a cone, constructed to a practically true 
circle, shall be allowed a steam pressure according to the following 
formula: 



P = ^ [(18.75 XT)- (1.03 XL)1 



Where P = working pressure in pounds per square inch. 

D = outside diameter of furnaces in inches, or outside mean 

diameter of cone top in inches. 
L = length of section or flue in inches. 
T = thickness of furnace or cone top in sixteenths of an 

inch, not to be less than five-sixteenths of an inch. 

When diameter of plain furnaces and flues used in vertical type of 
boilers or mean diameter of cone tops exceeds 42 inches, they shall 
be deemed a flat surface and must be stayed in accordance with rules 
governing flat surfaces. If a greater working pressure than given by 
formula is desired for mean diameters under 42 inches, the flues or 
cone tops shall be substantially stayed for such additional pressure. 

EXAMPLE. 

Given a furnace 26 inches in diameter, 28 inches in height, and 
five-sixteenths of an inch thick. A steam pressure of 175 pounds is 
desired. 

Substituting values in formula, 



51.5 
26 



1(18.75 X 5) - (1 .03 X 28)1 = 128 pounds. 



175 — 128.5, an excess of 46.5 pounds, therefore furnace shall bo 
braced. 



85797°— 13- 



(II, 14) 



34 



Substituting 46.5 for working pressure, W. P. in formula. 

Working presj 
Solving for P^ 



C xT^ 
Working pressure, W. P. = ~~pr~ 



P = 



112X5^ 



46.5 ' 

P=V60^ = 7.7. 

Pitch of 7,7 X 7.7 = 59.29 area. 

To determine size of stay bolt. Area multiplied by pressure per 
square inch equals total stress on stay. Thus, 59.29 X 46.5 = 2,756.985 
pounds pressure on the plate. Thus, 2,756.985 divided by 6,000 = 
.4594 area of stay bolt, practically a thirteen-sixteenths of an inch 
stay bolt taken at root of thread. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

FLUES. 

PLAIN. LAP-WELDED STEEL FLUES, 7 TO 18 INCHES DIAMETER. 

15. Working pressures and corresponding minimum thicknesses 
of wall for long, plain, lap-welded and seamless steel flues, 7 to 18 
inches diameter, subjected to external pressure only, shall be deter- 
mined by the following table and formula: 



Outside 


Working pressure Ib pounds per square inch. 
















diame- 


100 


120 


140 


160 


180 


200 


220 


ter of 
flue. 




























Thickness of flue 


in inches. Safety factor, 5. 




Inches. 
















7 


.152 


.160 


.168 


.177 


.185 


.193 


.201 


8 


.174 


.183 


.193 


.202 


.211 


.220 


.229 


9 


.196 


.206 


.217 


.227 


.237 


.248 


.258 


10 


.218 


.229 


.241 


.252 


.264 


.275 


.287 


11 


.239 


.252 


.235 


.277 


.290 


.303 


.316 


12 


.261 


.275 


.289 


.303 


.317 


.330 


.344 


13 


.283 


.298 


.?13 


.328 


.343 


.358 


.373 


14 


.301 


.320 


.337 


.353 


.369 


.385 


.402 


15 


.323 


.343 


.361 


.378 


.396 


.413 


.430 


16 


.344 


.366 


.385 


.404 


.422 


.440 


.459 


17 


.366 


.389 


.409 


.429 


.448 


.468 


. 4SS 


18 


.387 


.412 


.433 


.454 


.475 


.496 


.516 



Thicknesses in this table were calculated by formula: 

^_ [(FxP) + l,386]D 
86,670 

Wliere D = outside diameter of flue in inches. 
T = thickness of wall in inches. 
P = working ]:>ressure in pounds per square inch. 
F = factor of safety. 

This formula is applicable to lengths greater than six diameters of 
flue, to working pressures greater than 100 ])ounds, to outside diame- 
ters of from 7 to 18 inches, and to temperatures less than 650° F. 



35 (II, 15) 



EXAMPLE. 

Required the thickness of a flue 10 inches in diameter; working 
pressure, in pounds per square inch, 200; factor of safety, 5. Sub- 
stituting and solving: 

^ [(5x200)4-1,386] 10 ^^^ „ . , 
T = 86,670 = -'^^ ^^ ^'' ''''^'- 

To determine working pressure, diameter and thickness beii^ 
given. 

(Tx 86,670)- (1,386 XD) 
^~ DxF 

Where D = outside diameter of flue in inches. 
T = thickness of wall in inches. 
P = working pressure in pounds per square inch, 
F = factor of safety. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure of a fliie 12 inches outside diameter, 
,375 of an inch thick; factor of safety is ^. 
Substituting and solving: 

^ (.375X86,670) -(1.386X12) ^. . . , 

P== 19V^ — =264.4 pounds pressure. 

WORKING PRESSURE ALLOWABLE ON RIVETED FLUES OVER 6 AND NOT OVER 18 INCHES 
IN DIAMETER, MADE "N SECTIONS, AND SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL PRESSURE ONLY. 

Wlien flues are constructed of plates made in sections and effi- 
ciently riveted together, not less than 24 inches in length, minimum 
thickness, .25 of an inch, over 6 and not exceeding IS inches in 
diameter, the working pressure shall be determined by the following 
formula : 

^ 8,100 xT 

^~ D 

Where P = working pressure in pounds per square inch. 
T = thickness in inches. 
D = outside diameter in inches. 

EXAMPDE. 

Required the working pressure of a flue 13 inches outside diameter^ 
.33 of an inch thick. 

Substituting values and solving: 

-p 8,100 X. 33 ^^^ , 

P = -' — :r^ = 205 pounds. 

WORKING PRESSURE ALLOWABLE ON RIVETED, SEAMLESS, OR LAP-WELDED FLUES OVER 
18 AND NOT OVER 28 INCHES IN DIAMETER, MADE IN SECTIONS, AND SUBJECTED TO 
EXTERNAL PRESSURE ONLY. 

The working pressure allowable on riveted, seamless, or lap-welded 
flues over 18 inches in diameter up to and including 28 inches in 



(11, 15) 



36 



diameter, made in sections not less than 24 inches in length, efficiently 
riveted together, sections not to exceed 3i times the diameter of the 
flue, when subjected to external pressure only, shall be determined by 
the following formula : 



P = ^ [(18.75 XT) -(Lx 1.03)1 



Where P = working pressure in pounds per square inch. 
D = outside diameter of flue in inches. 
L = length of flue in inches, not to exceed 3 J diameters of 

flue. 
T = thickness of wall in sixteenths of an inch. 



EXAMPLE. 



Required the working pressure of a flue 19 inches outside diameter, 
.4375 of an inch thick, length 66 inches. 
Substituting values and solving: 



P = 



51.5 
19 



[(18.75 X 7) - (66 X 1.03) =171 pounds pressure. 



Inspectors are required at each annual inspection to carefully 
inspect the flues of every boiler and subject them to the hammer 
test where possible or practicable in order that deterioration of ma- 
terial may be detected. If such test indicates thin material the 
doubtful place shall be drilled and the material carefully gauged in 
order that the safe pressure may be determined, or if the flue is found 
to deviate from the form of a practicaUy true circle, the pressure 
shall be reduced accordingly. The efficiency and workmanship of 
the riveted seams shall also be carefully observed at all inspections. 
(Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

TUBES. 

16. Lap-welded and seamless tubes, used in boilers whose con- 
struction was commenced after June 30, 1910, having a thickness of 
material according to their respective diameters, shall be allowed a 
working pressure as prescribed in the following table, provided they 
are deemed safe by the inspectors. Where heavier material is used, 
pressure may be allowed as prescribed in [last] formula on page 34. 
Any length of tube is allowable. 



Outside 


Thickness 


Maximum 


diameter. 


of material. 


pressure, 
allowed. 


Inches. 


Inch. 


Pounds. 


2 


.095 


427 


2i 


.095 


380 


2§ 


.109 


392 


2| 


.109 


356 


3 


.109 


327 


3i 


.120 


332 


3i 


.120 


308 


3f 


.120 


282 


4 


.134 


303 


4i 


.134 


238 


5 


.148 


235 


6 


.165 


199 



37 (II, 16) 

LAP-WELDED BOILER TUBES UP TO AND INCLUDING 4 INCHES IN 

DIAMETER. 

All lap-wcl(lo(l tubes shall be made of charcoal iroii; or inild steel, 
made by any process. 

SURFACE INSPECTION. 

Tubes shall be free from defective welds, cracks, blisters, scale, 
pits, and sand marks. 

TESTS. 

The following tests shall be made before shipment by the manu- 
facturer : 

(a) A test piece 2 'inches in length cut from a tube shall stand 
being flattened by hammering until the sides are brought parallel 
^vith the curve on the inside at the ends not greater than three times 
the thickness of the metal without showing cracks or flaws, with 
bend at one side being in the weld. 

(h) A second tube shall have a flange turned over at right angles 
to the body of the tube and shall have a width equal to three-eighths 
of an inch. 

All the work shall be done cold. 

Each tube shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure 
of 500 pounds per square inch without showing signs of weakness or 
defects. 

All steel tubes shall have ends properly annealed by the manufac- 
turer before shipment, and shall stand expanding, flanging over on 
the tube plate, and beading without flaw, crack, or opening at weld. 

LAP-WELDED BOILER TUBES OVER 4 INCHES UP TO AND INCLUDING 30 

INCHES IN DIAMETER. 

All lap-welded boiler tubes over 4 inches in diameter, up to and 
including 30 inches in diameter, shall be made of wrought iron or 
mild steel, made by any process. 

(a) A test piece, 2 inches in length, cut from a tube, shall stand 
being flattened by hammering until the sides are brought parallel 
with the curve on the inside at the ends not greater than three times 
the thickness of the metal without showing cracks or flaws, with bend 
at one side in the weld. 

Each tube shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure 
of 500 pounds per square inch without showing signs of weakness or 
defects. 

All steel tubes shall have ends properly annealed by the manufac- 
turer before shipment. Tubes shall stand drilling, riveting, and 
calking, and work necessary to install them into the tube head with- 
out showing any signs of weakness or defects. 

No tube increased in thickness by welding one tube inside of 
another shall be allowed for use, but the ends of boiler tubes may be 
welded on for the purpose of making repairs or new tubes may be 
welded for the purpose of making them longer. 



(II, 16) 38 

SEAMLESS STEEL BOILER TUBES. 

MATERIAL. 

The steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 

SURFACE INSPECTION. 

Tubes shall be free from all surface defects. The defects to be 
particularly avoided in seamless tubes are tears, snakes, checks, 
slivers, scratches, laps, pits, rings, and shiks. 

All seamless steel cold-drawn tubes shall be annealed as a final 
process. One or more tubes shall be selected at random from each 
charge of annealing furnace, and coupons cut from same for testing. 

(a) A piece 3 inches long cut from the first tube shall stand being 
flattened by hammering until the sides are bi ought parallel with a 
curve on the inside at the ends not greater than three times the 
thickness of the metal, without showing cracks or flaws. 

(h) A flange shall be turned all around the end of the tube to a 
width equal to three-eighths of an inch beyond the outside body of 
the tube. 

Tests (a) and (5) shall be done cold. 

Where hot-finished tubes are furnished, the tubes shall pass the 
same manipulating tests as cold-drawn tubes and shall be subject to 
the same conditions as to gauge, but do not have to be annealed. 

Each tube shall be subject to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 
1,000 pounds per square inch without showing signs of weakness or 
defects. 

AU tubes shall stand expanding, flanging over on the tube plate, 
and beading without flaw or crack. 

All individual tubes shaU be carefully gauged with a Birmingham 
wire gauge, and shall come within the limits of one gauge under or 
one gauge over the specified thickness. 

STATEMENT OF MANUFACTURER OF BOILER TUBES. 

The manufacturer of boiler tubes shall furnish the purchaser of 
each lot of tubes a statement of the kind of material of which the 
tubes are made, and that the tubes have been tested and have met all 
the requirements of the rules, and the statement shall be furnished to 
the boiler manufacturer using the tubes, who shall forward same to 
the local inspectors of the district in which the boiler is to be inspected. 
(Sees. 4405, 4418, K. S.) 

STAYS. 

17. The maximum working pressure in pounds allowable per square 
inch of cross-sectional area for stays used in the construction of marine 
boilers where same are accurately fitted normal to supported surfaces 
and properly secured shall be ascertained by the following formula: 

p^ AxC 

a 

Where P = working pressure in pounds. 

A = least cross-sectional area of stay in inches. 

a = area of surface supported by one stay in inches. 

C = a constant 



39 (II, 17) 

Where C = 9,000 for tested steel stays IJ inches and upward in 
diameter when such stays are not forged or welded. 
The ends may be upset to a sufficient diameter to 
aUow for the depth of the thread. The diameter shall 
be taken at the bottom of the thread, provided it is 
the least diameter of the stay. All such stays after 
beuig upset shall be thoroughly annealed. 

C = 8,000 for a tested Huston or similar type of brace, the 
cross-sectional area of which exceeds 5 square inches. 

C = 7,000 for such tested braces when the cross-sectional 
area is not less than 1.227 and not more than 5 square 
mches, provided such braces are prepared at one heat 
from a soUd piece of plate without welds. 

C = 7,500 for wrought-iron through stays 1^ inches in diame- 
ter and upward. When made of the best quality of 
refined iron, they may be welded. The ends may be 
upset to allow for the depth of the thread. The 
diameter shall be taken at the bottom of the thread, 
provided it is the least diameter of the stay. 

C = 6,000 for welded crowfoot stays when made of best 
quality of refined wrought iron, and for all stays not 
otherwise provided for when made of the best quality 
of refined iron or of steel without welds. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the workiag pressure of a stay 1 inch in diameter, pitched 
6 inches by 6 mches center to center. 

TXT 1- (1 X IX. 7854) X 6,000 ,^^^ , 

Working pressure = rVa = 130.9 pounds. 

Stay bolts and stays made of the best quality of refined wrought 
iron may be welded. The lengthening of steel stays by welding shall 
not be allowed. 

TO DETEKMINE THE AREAS OF DIAGONAL AND GUSSET STAYS. 

Multiply the area of a direct stay required to support the surface 
by the slant or diagonal length of the stay; divide this product by 
the length of a line drawn at right angles to surface supported to 
center of palm of diagonal stay. The quotient shall be the required 
area of the diagonal stay. 

. axL 

Where A = sectional area of diagonal stay, 
a = sectional area of direct stay. 
L = length of diagonal stay. 

1 = length of line drawn at right angles to boiler head or 
surface supported to center of palm of diagonal stay. 
Given diameter of direct stay = 1 inch, a = .7854, L = 60 inches, 1 = 48 
inches, substituting and solving, 

A = ^- — T7S =.981 sectional area. 

48 

Diameter = 1.11 inch^l^ inch. 



(II, 17) 40 

The sectional area of gusset stays, when constructed of triangu- 
lar right-angled web plates secured to single or double angle bars 
along the two sides at right angles, shall be determined by lormula 
for diagonal stays, and shaU be not less than 10 per cent greater than 
would be necessary for a diagonal bolt stay. 

The diameter of a screw stay shall be taken at the bottom of the 
thread, provided it is the least diameter of the stay. 

For all stays the least sectional area shall be taken in calculating 
the stress allowable. 

All screw stay bolts shall be drilled at the ends with a one-eighth 
inch hole to at least a depth of one-half inch beyond the inside surface 
of the sheet. Stays through laps or butt straps may be drilled with 
larger hole to a depth so that the inner end of said larger hole shall not 
be nearer than the thickness of the boiler plates from the inner surface 
of the boiler. Hollow-rolled screw stay bolts, open from end to end, 
may be used. 

Such screw stay bolts, with or without sockets, may be used in the 
construction of marine boilers where fresh water is used for generating 
steam: Provided , however, That screw stay bolts of a greater length 
than 24 inches will not be allowed in any instance, unless the ends of 
said bolts are fitted with nuts. Water used from a surface condenser 
shall be deemed fresh water. 

Holes for screw stays shall be tapped fair and true, and full thread. 

The ends of stays which are upset to include the depth of thread 
shall be thoroughly annealed after being upset. 

The sectional area of pins to resist double shear and bending, 
accurately fitted and secured in crowfeet, sling, and similar stays, 
shall be at least equal to eight-tenths of the required sectional area 
of the brace. Breadth across each side and depth to crown of eye 
shall be not less than .35 of diameter of pin. In order to compensate 
for inaccurate distribution the forks shall be proportioned to sup- 
port two-thirds of the load, thickness of forks to be not less than .66 
of the diameter of pin. 

The combined sectional area of rivets used in securing tee irons 
and crowfeet to shell, said rivets being in tension, shall be not less 
than the required sectional area of brace. To insure a well-propor- 
tioned rivet point, rivets shall be of sufficient length to completely fill 
the rivet holes and form a head equal in strength to the body of the 
rivet. All rivet holes shall be drilled. Distance from center of 
rivet hole to edge of tee irons, crowfeet, and similar fastenings shall 
be so proportioned that the net sectional areas through sides at rivet 
holes shall equal the required rivet section. Rivet holes shall be 
slightly countersunk in order to form a fillet at point and head. 

When sling stays are connected by pins to angles secured to shell 
(see figs. 1 and 2 in sec. 13 of Rule II), said angles shall be of sufficient 
depth to resist shear. Section to resist shear shall be determined by 
the following formula: 

A = Dx2T 
or 

^"2T 

Where A = sectional area of pin. 

D = depth from edge of pinhole to end of leg. 
2T = thickness of two angles. 



41 (II, 17) 



EXAMPLE. 



Diameter of sling stay, 2 inches. Diameter of pin, 1.6 inches. 
Thickness of angle, seven-eighths of an inch. Required the depth 
from edge of pinhole to end of leg. 

Substituting values and solving: 

^ .7854X1.6X1.6 , ,^ . , 
^ = 2^^:875 =1-15 inches. 

Minimum diameter of rivets shall be found as follows: 



Minimum diameter ' 



=v; 



7854 X 12,000 XN 



Where N equals number of rivets. Rivets shall be staggered in 
each leaf. 

All steel bars to be used as stays or braces in marine boilers and 
allowed a stress of 7,000, 8,000, or 9,000 pounds per square inch of 
section, tested by the United States assistant inspectors at the mills 
where the material is manufactured, shall be tested in the following 
manner: There shall be taken from each heat two pieces for tensile 
tests and two pieces for bending tests. The full size bars within the 
capacity of the testing machine niay be used for tensile tests. Where 
the full size of the bar is too large for the capacity of the testing machiae, 
the bar may be reduced in size to meet such capacity. To facilitate 
and insure accurate tests, all test bars may be reduced in size. The 
minimum tensile strength of each test piece shall be not less than 
58,000 pounds per square inch of section and each test piece that has 
been reduced in size shall show an elongation of at least 28 per cent 
in 2 inches. Where the full size of the bar has been used for testing, 
the test piece shall show an elongation of at least 25 per cent in 8 
inches. When the tensile strength of the test piece is more than 
66,000 pounds per square inch of section, each test piece that has 
been reduced in size shall show an elongation of at least 26 per cent 
in 2 inches. Where the full size of the bar has been used for testing, 
each test piece shall show an elongation of at least 22 per cent in 8 
inches. The pieces for the bend test shall in all cases be the full size 
of the bar and shall be bent cold to a curve, the inner radius of which 
is equal to one and one-half times the diameter of the bar without 
flaws or cracks. Should any such test bar fail in either the tensile or 
bending test, no bars from such heat >shall be allowed to be used in 
the construction of any marine boiler. Where a heat of steel bars has 
been passed by an inspector, separate lots of bars from such heat may 
be furnished to diflterent boiler manufacturers upon a certificate from 
the mill that the bars were made from such accepted heat. 

Boiler manufacturers desiring to use tested steel stays or braces 
shall be required to furnish the inspectors with the following form of 
affidavit, duly filled in: 

[Form 937.] 
State of , County of , ss: 



Personally appeared before me, a notary public for and in the county of and 

State of , Mr. ■ , who, being first duly sworn, deposes and says that 

he is the of the steam boiler works situated at — , and known as the , 

and that the lot or lots of steel bars from which the test bars were taken and tested by 



(II, 17) 42 

the inspector on the day of , 19 — , and allowed for use in the steam boiler-^ 

to be constructed for the steamer , and to be allowed a strain not to exceed — — ' 

pounds per square inch of section as a working steam pressure, will be used in the 

construction of the boiler- for the steamer , and no material for any braces, 

stays, or stay bolts required to carry a strain equal to pounds per square inch of 

section will be used as braces, stays, or stay bolts in the construction of the boiler- for 
the said steamer unless tested by the inspector and approved by him in accordance 
with the requirements of law. 



Sworn to and subscribed before me this day of , 19- 

[notary's seal.] 



Notary Public. 
(Sees. 4405, 4418, E. S.) 

TOPS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS AND BACK CONNECTIONS. 

18. Formula for girders over back coimection and other flat 
surfaces : 

Working pressure = (^yf:i p)xDxL 

Where W = extreme width of combustion box in inches. 
P = pitch of supporting bolts in inches. 
D = distance between girders from center to center in 

inches. 
L = length of girder in feet 
d = depth of girder in inches. 
T = thickness of girder in inches. 

C = 550 when the girder is fitted with 1 supporting bolt. 
C = 825 when the girder is fitted with 2 or 3 supporting 

bolts. 
C = 917 when the girder is fitted with 4 or 5 supporting 

bolts. 
C = 963 when the girder is fitted with 6 or 7 supporting 

bolts. 
C = 990 when the girder is fitted with 8 or more supporting 

bolts. 

EXAMPLE. 

Given W = 34 inches, P = 7.5 inches, D = 7.75 inches, L = 2.927 feet, 
d=7.5 inches, T = 2 inches, C = 825, then, substituting in formula, 

w 1 • 825X7.5X7.5X2 _. ^ , 

Workmg pressure = (34.7.5) x 7.75X2.927 = ^^^'^ P^"^^"* 

(Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

FLAT SURFACES. 

19. The maximum stress allowable on flat plates supported by 
stays shall be determined by the following formula: 

All stayed surfaces formed to a curve the radius of which is over 21 
inches, excepting surfaces othei-wise provided for, shall be deemed flat 
surfaces. 

Workmg pressure = pa 



.43 (11, 19) 

Where T = thickness of plates m sixteenths of an inch. 

P = greatest pitch of stays in inches. 

C = 112 for screw sta^s with riveted heads, plates seven- 
sixteenths of an inch thick and under. 

C = 120 for screw stays with riveted heads, plates above 
seven-sixteenths of an inch thick. 

C = 120 for screw stays with nuts, plates seven-sixteenths 
of and inch thick and under. 

C = 125 for screw stays with nuts, plates above seven- 
sixteenths of an inch thick and under nine-sixteenths 
of an inch. 

C = 135 for screw stays with nuts, plates nine-sixteenths 
of an inch thick and above. 

C = 175 for stays with double nuts having one nut on the 
inside and one nut on the outside of plate, without 
washers or doubling plates. 

C=160 for stays fitted with washers or doubling strips 
which have a thickness of at least .5 of the thickness 
of the plate and a diameter of at least .5 of the 
greatest pitch of the stay, riveted to the outside of 
the plates, and stays having one nut inside of the 
plate, and one nut outside of the washer or doubling 
strip. For T take 72 per cent of the combined thick- 
ness of the plate and washer or plate and doubling 
strip. 

C = 200 for stays fitted with doubling plates which have a 
thickness equal to at least .5 of the thickness of the 
plate reenforced, and covering the full area braced 
(up to the curvature of the flange, if any), riveted to 
eitner the inside or outside of the plate, and stays 
having one nut outside and one inside of the plates. 
Washers or doubling plates to be substantially 
riveted. For T take 72 per cent of the combined 
thicloiess of the two plates. 

C = 200 for stays with plates stiffened with tees or angle bars 
having a thickness of at least two-thirds the thickness 
of plate and depth of webs at least one-fourth of the 
greatest pitch of the stays, and substantially riveted 
on the inside of the plates, and stays having one nut 
inside bearing on washers fitted to the edges of the 
webs that are at right angles to the plate. For T 
take 72 per cent of the combined thickness of web 
and plate. 
No such flat plates or surfaces shall be unsupported at a greater 
distance than 18 inches. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure allowable for plate five-eighths of 
an inch thick, with doubling plate seven-sixteenths of an inch thick, 
stayed 14-inch by 14-inch centers: 

w 1- 200X149.81 ,^^^ , 

Workmg pressure = ^qc ^ ^ pounds. 

Plates heated for working shall be annealed afterwards. (Sec. 
4418, R. S.) 



(II) 44 

NAME PLATES. 

20. There shall be fastened to each boiler a plate containing the 
name of the manufacturer of the material, the place where manufac- 
tured, the tensile strength, the name of the builder of the boiler, when 
and where built. 

The date of the building of the boiler or boilers shall be determined 
by the month and year of issue of the first certificate of inspection 
which covers the boiler or boilers in question: Provided^ That the 
boiler or boilers have not been used for any purpose previous to the 
inspection. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

FUSIBLE PLUGS. 

21. Every boiler, other than boilers of the water-tube type, shall 
have' at least one fusible plug as described below. Plugs shall be 
made of a bronze casing filled with good banca tin tapering straight 
from end to end of filling. The manufacturers of fusible plugs shall 
stamp their name or initials thereon for identification, and shall file 
with the local inspectors a certificate, duly sworn to, that such plugs 
are filled with banca tin and made in accordance with this rule. 

Fusible plugs, except as otherwdse provided for, shall have an 
external diameter of not less than three-fourths of an inch pipe tap, 
and the banca tin shall be at least one-half of an inch in diameter at 
the smaller end and shall have a larger diameter at the opposite end 
of the plug : Provided, however, That all plugs used in boilers carrying 
a steam pressure exceeding 150 pounds to the square inch may be 
reduced at the smaller end of the banca tin to five-sixteenths of an 
inch in diameter. 

Fusible plugs, when used in the tubes of upright boilers, shall have 
an external diameter of not less than three-e^hths of an inch pipe tap, 
and the banca tin shall be at least one-fourth of an inch in diameter 
at the smaller end and shall have a greater diameter at the opposite 
end of the plug. 

Externally heated cylindrical boilers, with flues, shall have one plug 
inserted in one flue, and also one plug inserted in shell of each boiler, 
immediately below the fire Ime and not less than 4 feet from the front 
end: Provided, Jiowever, That when such flues are not more than 6 
inches in diameter a fusible plug of not less diameter than three- 
eighths-inch pipe tap may be used in such flues. 

Other shell boilers, except especially provided for, shall have one 
plug inserted in the crown sheet of the back connection. 

Vertical tubular boilers shall have one plug inserted in one of the 
tubes at least 2 inches below the lowest gauge cock, but in boilers 
having a cone top the plug shall be inserted in the upper tube sheet. 

All plugs shall be inserted so that the small end of the banca tin 
shall be exposed to the fire. 

It shall be the duty of the inspector at each annual inspection to 
see that the plugs are in good condition. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

GAUGE COCKS AND WATER GLASS. 

22. All boilers, except flash boilers, shall be supplied with at least 
one reliable water gauge and at least three gauge cocks attached 
directly to each boiler. When the gauge glass and gauge cocks are 



45 (11,22) 

connected to the boilers by a water column there shall be three addi- 
tional gauge cocks inserted in the head or shell of boiler. The lower 
gauge cock in boilers more than 48 inches in diameter shall be not less 
than 4 mches from the top of the flues, tubes, or combustion cham- 
bers. In boilers less than 48 inches in diameter the lower gauge cock 
shall be not less than 2h inches above the top of the flues, tubes, or 
combustion chambers. A gauge glass shall be considered a reliable 
water gauge, and a float such as used on western river steamers shall 
be considered on such boilers as a reliable water gauge: Provided, 
That when water-tube boilers have an efficient water column con- 
nected to the steam drum of said boiler at the top and the water 
manifold at the bottom, and such water column has a gauge glass 
and three gauge cocks fitted to same, and also is fitted with a valve 
or stopcock, both at top and bottom where the column is connected 
to the boiler, no gauge cocks shall be required in the head or shell of 
the drums of such water-tube boilers. 

Double-end boilers shall have at least three gauge cocks and one 
water glass at each end. 

In vertical boilers or boilers of the water-tube type the location of 
the lowest gauge cock shall be determined by the local inspectors. 
(Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

STEAM GAUGES. 

23. All boilers or sets of boilers shall have attached to them at 
least one gauge that will correctly indicate a pressure of steam equal 
to 80 per cent of the hydrostatic pressure applied by the inspectors. 
(Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

SAFETY VALVES. 

24. Safety valves when fitted either to the shell of boiler or steam 
drum may be fitted with internal dry pipes when made of standard 
steam pipe or of riveted material equal in thickness, and when the 
combiaed openings in the dry pipe equal in area at least one and one- 
half times the openiag of the valve. 

The areas of all safety valves on boilers contracted for or the 
construction of which commenced on or after June 1, 1904, shall be 
determined in accordance vnth the following formula and table: 

W 

Formula: a = .2074Xp- 

Wherea = area of safety valve, ia square inches, per square foot 
of grate surface. 
W = pounds of water evaporated per square foot of grate 
surface per hour. 
P = absolute pressure per square inch = working gauge 
pressure + 15. 

From which formula the areas required per square foot of grate 
surface in the foUowing table are found by assuming the different 
values of W and P. 

The figures (a) in table multiplied by square feet of grate surface 
giv^ the area of safety valve or valves required. 

When this calculation results in an odd size of safety valve, use 
next larger standard size. 



(II, 24) 46 



EXAMPLES. 



Boiler pressure = 75 pounds per square inch (gauge). 

2 furnaces: Grate surface = 2 (No.) X5 feet 6 inches (long) x3 feet 
(wide) = 33 square feet. 

Water evaporated per pound of coal = 8 pounds. 

Coal burned per square foot grate surface per hour = 12 J pounds. 

Evaporation per square foot grate surface per hour = 8 X 12J= 100 
pounds. Hence W = 100 and gauge pressure = 75 pounds. 

From table the corresponding value of a is .230 square inch. 

Therefore area of safety valve = 33 X .23 = 7.59 square inches. 

For which the diameter is 3i inches nearly. 



^ 



Boiler pressure = 2 15 pounds. 

6 furnaces: Grate surface = 6 (No.) X5 feet 6 inches (long) X3 feet 
4 inches (wide) = 110 square feet. 

Water evaporated per pound coal= 10 pounds. 

Coal burned per square foot grate surface per hour = 30 pounds. 

Evaporation per square foot grate surface per hour = 10x30 = 300 
pounds. 

Hence W = 300, gauge pressure = 215, and a=.270 (from table). 

Therefore area of safety valve = 1 10 X .270 = 29.7 square inches, 
which is too large for one valve. Use two. 

— 2^ = 14.85 square inches. Diameter = 4f inches. 

To determine the area of a safety valve for boiler using oil as fuel 
or for boilers designed for any evaporation per hour : 

Divide the total number of pounds of water evaporated per hour 
by any number of pounds of water evaporated per square foot of 
grate surface per hour (W) taken from, and within the limits of, the 
table. This will give the equivalent number of square feet of grate 
surface for boiler for estimating the area of valve. Then apply the 
table as in previous examples. 

EXAMPLE, 

Required the area of a safety valve for a boiler using oil as fuel, 
designed to evaporate 8,000 pounds of water per hour, at 175 pounds 
gauge pressure. 

Make W = 200. 

' ^ =40, the equivalent g^ate surface, in square feet. 

For gauge pressure =175 pounds and W = 200, from table, a =.218 
square inch. .218x40 = 8.72 square inches, the total area of safety 
valve required for this boiler, for which the diameter is 3i^ square 
inches nearly. 



n 



47 



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II 



49 (IT, 24) 

Any spring-loaded safety valve constructed so as to give an 
increased lift by the operation of steam after being raised from 
its seat, or any spring-loaded safety valve constructed in any other 
manner, so as to give an effective area equal to that of the afore- 
mentioned spring-loaded safety valve, may be used in lieu of tlic 
common lever-weighted valve on all boilers on steam vessels, and 
each spring-loaded valve shall be suppUed with a lever that will 
raise the valve from its seat a distance of not less than that equal 
to one-eighth of the diameter of the valve opening; but in no case 
shall any spring-loaded safety valve be used in lieu of the lever- 
weighted safety valve without first having been approved by the 
Board of Supersdsing Inspectors. 

The valves shall be so arranged that each boiler shall have at 
least one separate safety valve, unless the arrangement is such as 
to preclude the possibility of shutting off the communication of any 
boiler with the safety valve or valves employed. This arrangement 
sliall also apply to lock-up safety valves when they are employed. 

The use of two safety valves may be allowed on any boiler, pro- 
vided the combined area of such valves is equal to that required by 
rule for one such valve. Whenever the area of a safety valve, as 
found by the rule of this section, will be greater than that corre- 
sponding to 4^ inches in diameter, two or more safety valves, the 
combined area of which shall be equal at least to the area required, 
shall be used. 

Where escape pipes for safety valves are installed in steam vessels 
after July 1, 1910, the area of such pipes shall equal the combined 
area of all valves to which such, pipes are connected. 

Where safety valves are used with beveled seats, the seats shall 
have an angle of inclination of 45 degrees to the center lines of their 
axes. Flat-seat safety valves may be used under the formula and 
table under the heading ''Safety valves" in Rule II. 

Hereafter no safety valves having a set-screw arrangement on 
top of the valve casing, designed to hold the valve down while the 
hydrostatic pressure is being applied, shall be allowed. On such 
valves now in use, inspectors shall require the set screws to be taken 
out and the hole permanently closed. This does not apply to any 
safety valve whose form of construction is such that the hole for 
the set screw or bolt is securely closed when the valve is locked. 

LEVER SAFETY VALVES. 

All common lever safety valves to be hereafter appUed to the 
boilers of steam vessels shall be constructed in material, workman- 
ship, and principle according to the requirements for a safety valve 
referred to in this section. When this construction of a safety valve 
is appUed to the boilers of steamers navigating rough waters, the link 
may be connected direct with the spindle of the valve: Provided, 
always, That the fulcrum or points upon which the lever rests are 
made of steel, knife, or sharp edged, and hardened; in this case tlie 
short end of the lever shall oe attached directly to the valve casing. 
In all cases the link requires but a sUght movement not exceeding 
one-eighth of an inch. 

85797°— 13 4 



(II, 24) 50 

REQUIREMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF LEVER SAFETY VALVES. 

All the points of bearing on lever shall be in the same plane. 

The distance of the fulcrum shall in no case be less than the diam- 
eter of the valve opening. 

The length of the lever shall not exceed the distance of the fulcrum 
multiplied by ten. 

The width of the bearings of the fulcrum shall be not less than 
three-fourths of 1 inch. 

The length of the fulcrum link shall be not less than 4 inches. 

The lever and fulcrum link shall be made of wrought iron or steel 
and the knife-edged fulcrum points and bearings for the points shall 
be made of steel and hardened. But the chambers and saddle flanges 
of this and all other types of safety valves attached to boilers may 
be made of cast iron or other suitable material. 

The valve, valve seat, and bushing for the stem or spindle shall 
be made of composition (gun metal) when the valve is intended to 
be attached to a boiler using salt water; but when the valve is to be 
attached to a boiler using fresh water and generating steam of a high 
pressure the parts named, with the exception of the bushings for 
the spindle, may be made of cast iron. On safety valves constructed 
after June 30, 1905, neither the valve nor the valve seats shall be of 
cast iron. 

The valve shall be guided by its spindle, both above and below the 
ground seat and above the lever, through supports either made of 
composition (gun metal) or bushed with it. 

The spindle shall fit loosely in the bearings or supports. 

When the valve is intended to be applied to the boilers of steamers 
navigating rough waters, the fulcrum link may be connected directly 
with the spindle of the valve; providing always that the knife-edged 
fulcrum points are made of steel and hardened, and that the vertical 
movement of the valve is unobstructed by any lateral movement. 

In all cases the weight shall be adjusted on the lever to the pres- 
sure of steam allowed in each case by a correct steam gauge attached 
to the boiler. The weight shall then be securely fastened in its 
position and the lever marked for the purpose of facilitating the 
replacing of the weight should it be necessary to remove the same, 
and in no case shall a line or any other device be attached to the 
lever or weight except in such a manner as will enable the engineer 
to raise the valve from its seat. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

WATER-TUBE AND COIL BOILERS. 

25. Duplicate blue prints or drawings of water-tube and coil 
boilers, with their specifications, shall be submitted for approval to 
the Board of Supervising Inspectors (under section 4429, R. S., U. S.) 
and the design approved by said board, before the boilers will be 
allowed to be used on any vessel coming under the jurisdiction of the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors. After the approval of the design 
by the said board, one certified set of the approved blue prints or 
drawings shall be filed with the records of the Board of Supervising 
Inspectors, and one certified set with the records of the supervising 
inspector of each district, and one set of blue prints shall be jfumished 
the office of the local inspectors of the district in which the boiler is 



51 (II, 25) 

manufactured. The blue prints or drawings necessary to comply 
with the foregoing provisions shall be supplied by the manufacturer. 
Manufacturers shall furnish local inspectors of district where boilers 
are to be installed an affidavit certifying that the boilers are con- 
structed in accordance with the design and specifications approved by 
the Board of Supervising Inspectors. 

The w^orking pressure allowable on cylindrical shells of water-tube 
or coil boilers, when such shells have a row or rows of pipes or tubes 
inserted therein, shall be determined by the following formula : 

^ (D-(Z)xTxS 
^~ DxR 

Where P = working pressure allowable in pounds. 

D = distance m inches between the tube or pipe centers in a 

line from head to head. 
d = diameter of hole in inches. 
T = thickness of plate in inches. 
S = one-sixth of the tensile strength of the plate. 
R = radius of shell in inches. 
71 = number of tube holes in a pitch. When tubes on any 

one row are pitched unequally, nd must be substituted 

in the formula for d. 

Where rows of tubes are pitched diagonally, each diagonal ligament 
shall be not less than three-fifths of each longitudinal ligament. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the working pressure of a cylindrical shell having holes 
1 inch in diameter, spaced 2 inches from center to center, in a line 
from head to head; material, one-half of an inch thick; diameter of 
shell, 20 inches; tensile strength of plate, 60,000 pounds. 

Substituting values, we have 

^ (2 -1)X. 5X10,000 ^_^ , 

P = ^y^^Y^ — '- = 250 pounds. 

PORCUPINE-TYPE BOILERS. 

The formula for determining pressure on boilers of the so-called 
porcupine and similar types shall be as follows : 

Multiply the vertical distance between the centers of the horizontal 
rows of tubes in inches by one-half the diameter of shell of boiler in 
inches, which gives the area upon which the pressure is exerted to 
break a diagonal ligament, then find the sectional area of the ligament 
at its smallest part and multiply by one-sixth the tensile strength of 
the material. This result divided by the area upon which the strain 
is exerted gives the working pressure per square inch, which is as 

follows: p y^ =W, the working pressure, in which E equals width 

of ligament in inches, F thickness of material in inches, T one-sixth 
of the tensile strength, C distance between vertical centers, and D 
one-half the inside diameter of the shell or central column. 



(II, 25) 52 






For the boiler proposed, 30 inches diameter, five-eighths inch thick, 
tensile strength 60,000 pounds, 1.219 inches would be width of liga- 
ment, .625 thickness of plate, 10,000 one-sixth of tensile strength, 
3-^ = 3.6875 inches, distance of vertical centers; 15 inches, one-half 
the diameter of shell, would be as follows: 1.219 multiplied by .625, 
this product multiplied by one-sixth the tensile strength, 10,000, 
equals 7,618.75. This product, divided by the product of 3.6875, 
distance between vertical centers, multiplied by 15, one-half the 
diameter, equals 55.3125, gives 137.7 as pressure allowed. 

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE. 

All coil and pipe boilers hereafter made, when such boiler is com- 
pleted and ready for inspection, shall be subjected at the first inspec- 
tion to a hydrostatic pressure double that of the steam pressure 
allowed in the certificate of inspection. 

The use of malleable-iron or cast-steel manifolds, tees, return bends, 
or elbows in the construction of pipe generators shall be allowed, and 
the pressure of steam shall not be restricted to less than one-half the 
hydrostatic pressure applied to pipe generators unless a weakness 
should develop under such test as would render it unsafe in the judg- 
ment of the inspector making such inspection. 

DRUMS AND HEADS. 

All drums attached to coil, pipe, sectional, or water-tube boilers 
not already in use or actually contracted for, to be built for use on a 
steam vessel, and its building commenced at or before the date of 
the approval of this rule, shall be required to have the heads of 
wrought iron or steel or cast steel flanged and substantially riveted 
to the drums or secured by bolts and nuts of equal strength with 
rivets, in all cases where the diameters of such drums exceed 6 inches. 

Drums and water cylinders constructed with a bumped head at 
each or either end, any opening in the shell or heads to be reenforced 
as required by the rules of the board, the circumferential and hori- 
zontal seams to be welded and properly annealed after such welding 
is completed, and when tested with a hydrostatic pressure of at least 
double the amount of the steam pressure allowed may be used for 
marine purposes. 

COPPER AND BRASS TUBES. 

Seamless copper or brass tubes not exceeding three-fourths of an 
inch in diameter may be used in the construction of water- tube 
boilers or generators when liquid fuel is used. There may also be 
used in their construction copper or brass steam drums not exceeding 
14 inches in diameter, of a thickness of material not less than five- 
eighths of an inch, and copper or brass steam drums 12 inches in 
diameter and under having a thickness of material of not less than 
one-half inch. All tubes and drums referred to in this paragraph 
shall be made from ingots or blanks drawn down to size without a 
seam. Water-tube boilers or generators so constructed may be 
used for marine purposes with none other than liquid fuel. (Sec. 
4429, R. S.) 



1 



53 (II) 

WELDING AND REENFORCING BY THE ELECTRIC, OXY-ACETYLENE, OR 

OTHER PROCESSES. 

26. All calking edges on internally fired boilers may be reenforced 
by these processes. 

All calking edges of the shells of externally fired boilers, above the 
fire line only, may be reenforced. 

Cracks extending from edge of lap to rivet, except on seams below 
the fire line in externally fired boilers, may be welded. 

Cracks not to exceed 15 inches in length in plates in stayed sur- 
faces or heads may be welded. 

Where cracks are repaired by welding, holes shall be drilled entirely 
through the plate at each extreme end of the crack, except in small 
cracks from rivet to calking edge. 

Circumferential or lengthwise cracks not exceeding 8 inches in 
length in plain or corrugated furnaces may be welded. 

Where plates in stayed surfaces are reduced in thickness not to 
exceed 30 per cent of the original thickness, they may be reenforced, 
such reenforcing not to exceed an area of 200 square inches, and 
stays or braces shall extend through such reenforcing. 

Where plates of shells and other parts of internally fired boilers 
subject to tensile strain are reduced in thickness by corrosion not to 
exceed 25 per cent of the original thickness, they may be reenforced, 
such reenforcing not to exceed an area of 100 square inches. 

Where calking edges and laps have been reenforced, local inspectors 
shall require the rivets to be cut out and redriven if they find by 
inspection that it is necessary. 

No welding shall be allowed in cracks in the shell plates or other 
plates subject to tensile strain. 

N'o repair work by any welding process shall be allowed until 
coupons showing the character of the work .proposed to be done by 
the applicant have been tested and submitted, together with an ex- 
planation and report of the test, to the local inspectors of the dis- 
trict where the work is being done. The local inspectors shall then 
satisfy themselves whether or not such process can be used with 
safety on the boilers of steam vessels. 

In every case where repairs are to be made by these processes on 
the boilers of steam vessels subject to the inspection of this service, 
the parties making the repairs are required to notify the office of 
the local inspectors, in writing, giving a full detailed description of 
the repairs to be made, the location of the vessel, and the time the 
repairs are to be begun, so that inspection may be had, if practicable, 
prior to and during the time the work is being done. 

The application for permission to use this process on boiler repairs 
of any particular vessel implies a guarantee on the part of the appli- 
cant that the work shall, in material, flux, and workmanship, be 
equal to that of the samples furnished. 

Cracks in wrought-iron or wrought-steel headers, and cracks or 
sand holes in cast-steel, semisteel, ferrosteel, malleable-iron or cast- 
iron headers, manifolds, crosses, tees and ells, may be repaired by 
welding cracks or flowing metal into sand holes. Such repaired 
material other than headers and manifolds shall be subjected to a 
hydrostatic test of three and one-half times the working pressure 



(II, 26) 54 

after such repairs are made. Reenforcing by building up of any of 
the above-mentioned articles other than headers shall not oe allowed. 
(Sees. 4405, 4418, R. S.) 

27. Feed water shall not be admitted into any marine boiler at a 
temperature less than 100° F., and every such boiler, excepting 
donkey boilers, shall, after October 31, 1909, have an independent 
auxiliary feed appliance for supplying said boiler with water in 
addition to the usual mode employed, which auxiliary feed shall 
enter the boiler through an openmg and a fitting which are entirely 
independent of the fitting and opening for the main feed. (Sec. 
4418, R. S.) 

MAIN STEAM PIPE. 

28. The thickness of and pressure allowed on main steam pipe 
constructed of riveted iron or steel plates that have been stamped and 
tested as required by section 4430, Revised Statutes, shall be deter- 
mined in the same manner as required by section 4433, Revised Stat- 
utes, to determine the pressure allowable on boilers. 

The thickness of and steam pressure allowable on all lap-welded 
or solid-drawn steam pipe of wrought iron or steel shall be deter- 
mined by the following formulas: 

10,000"^^ ^^ 

P_ (T-.125)X 10.000 
^~ D 

Where P = pressure of steam allowable in pounds. 
T = tliickness of j)ipe. 
D = diameter of pipe. 

EXAMPLE. 

Given P = 200 pounds pressure. D = 5 inches in diameter. Substi- 
tuting and solving for T, 

Substituting and solving for P, 

^ (.225-.125)X 10,000 ^„^ , 

P = -^ ^ = 200 pounds. 



WELDED STEAM AND WATER PIPES. 

From one-eighth of an inch inside diameter up to and including 30 
inches inside dianictor. 

The pipe shall be made of wTOUght iron or mild steel, smooth, 
straight, and free from defects. 

Threaded ])ipe of standard thickness shall be avoided as far as 
possible. In steam ])ipes it is a very serious matter and shall not be 
allowed in any case on standard pipe over 5 inches in diameter. 

All j)ipe over 2 inches in diameter shall be lap-welded. 



55 (11,28) 

TESTS. 

The following tests shall be made before shipment by the manu- 
facturer: 

One-eighth inch inside diameter up to and including 3 J inches inside 
diameter shall be tested before shipment to 600 pounds per square 
inch hydrostatic pressure and not subject to any other test. 

Four inches inside diameter up to and including 12 inches inside 
diameter. 

Thirteen inches outside diameter up to and including 30 inches 
outside diameter. 

(a) A test piece 2 inches in length cut from a pipe shall stand being 
flattened by hammering until the sides are brought parallel with the 
curve on the inside at the ends not greater than three times the thick- 
ness of the metal without showing cracks or flaws, with bend at one 
side being in the weld. 

(b) Pulling tests shall be made from every 50 pieces furnished, or 
fraction thereof, and shall show the following results: 

For steel. — Tensile strength not less than 50,000 pounds per square 
inch. Elongation in 8-inch specimen, not less than 20* per cent. 

For iron. — Tensile strength not less than 44,000 pounds per square 
inch. Elongation in 8-inch specimen, not less than 12 per cent. 

All pipe from 4-inch diameter up to and including 30-mch diameter 
shall be tested before shipment to not less than 500 pounds per square 
inch hydrostatic pressure. 

SEAMLESS STEEL STEAM AND WATER PIPES. 

MATERIAL. 

The steel shall be made by the open-hearth process. 

' SURFACE INSPECTION. 

Pipe shall be free, inside and outside, from all surface defects that 
would materially weaken it or form starting points of corrosion. The 
defects to be especially avoided are snakes, checks, sUvers, laps, pits, 
etc. Pipe shall be smooth and straight. 

TESTS. 

The following tests shall be made before shipment by the manu- 
facturer : 

(a) A test piece, 2 inches in length, cut from a tube, shall stand 
being flattened by hammering until the sides are brought parallel with 
the curve on the inside at the ends not greater than three times the 
thickness of the metal without showing cracks or flaws. 

(b) Pulling tests shall be made from every 50 pieces furnished, or 
fraction thereof, and shall show the following results: 

Tensile strength, not less than 48,000 pounds per square inch. 

Elongation in 8-inch specimen, not less than 12 per cent. 

The results of the pullmg tests shall be forwarded by the manufac- 
turer to the purchaser of steam pipe, who will forward same to the 
local inspectors. 



(II, 28) 56 

Any pipe used for mud or steam drums shall have the ends of same 
properly annealed before the holes are drilled or the heads are riveted 
in: provided, That this paragraph shall aj)ply only to drums not ex- 
ceeding 15 inches in diameter for use on pipe and coil boilers. 

When pipe is used for steam lines where flanges are riveted on 
and calked, the ends of the pipe shall be properly annealed before 
drilling or riveting the flanges on. 

Flanges made of wrought iron or steel, grooved on the inner side 
of hub to a depth equal to the thickness of material in pipe, shall be 
allowed for use in all steam and feed pipes, provided the ends of 
pipes have been thorouglily annealed and expanded into such flanges 
by approved machinery. 

When pipes are expanded into flanges by proper and approved 
machinery, and flared out at the ends to an angle not exceeding 20° 
(said angle to be taken in the direction of the length of the pipe) and 
liaving a depth of flare equal to at least one and one-half times the 
thickness of the material in said pipe, such pipes may be used for 
all steam and exhaust pipes when tested to two and one-half times 
the working pressure and found perfect in every respect. 



PIPES. 

COPPER. 



4 



All copper pipe subject to pressure shall be flanged over or out- 
ward to a depth of not less than twice the thickness of the material 
in the pipe, and such flanging shall be made to a radius not to exceed 
the thickness of the pipe. On boilers whose construction was com- 
menced after June 30, 1905, no bend shall be allowed in copper pipe of 
which the radius is less than one and one-half times the diameter of 
the pipe, and such pipe shall be so led and flanges so placed that they 
may be readily taken down if required. Such pipes shall be pro- 
tected by iron casings when run through coal bunkers, and shall be 
clear of the coal chutes. The thickness of inaterial, according to the 
working pressure, shall be determined by the following formula : 

Where T = thickness in inches. 
P = working pressure. 
D = inside diameter of pipe in inches. 

EXAMPLE. 

Recjuired the thickness of material of a 5-inch copper pipe for a 
working pressure of 175 pounds per square inch. 
Substituting values, we have 

T= gQQQ +. 0625 = .171 inch. 

Promded, however, That all copper pipe subject to pressure and 
installed for use on steam vessels after July 1, 1911, shall have a 
thickness of material according to the working pressure, to be deter- 



57 (II, 28) 

mined by the following formula. Tiiis proviso shall not apply to 
copper pipe contracted for previous to June 1, 1911. 

Wliere T = thickness in inches. 
P = working pressure. 
D = inside diameter of pipe in inches. 

EXAMPLE. 

Required the thickness of material of a 5-inch copper pipe for a 
working pressure of 175 pounds per square inch. 
Substituting and solving, we have 

The flanges of all copper steam pipes over 3 inches in diameter 
shall be made of brass or bronze composition, forged iron or steel, or 
open-hearth steel castings, and shall be securely brazed or riveted 
to the pipe: Provided, however, That when such pipes are properly 
formed with a taper through the flange, such taper being fully 
reenf orced, the riveting or brazing may be dispensed with : And pro- 
vided also, That when the pipe has been expanded by proper and 
capable machinery into grooved flanges and the pipe flared out at the 
ends to an angle of approximately 20°, said angle to be taken in the 
direction of the length of the pipe, and having a depth of flare equal 
to at least one and one-half times the thickness of the material ia the 
pipe, said riveting or brazing may be dispensed with. Where copper 
pipes are expanded into or riveted to flanges, it will be necessary for 
the pipes with their flanges attached to withstand a hydrostatic pres- 
sure of two and one-half times the boiler pressure. 

Flanges shall be not less than four times the required thickness of 
pipe, plus one-fourth of an inch, and shall be fitted wdth such number 
of good and substantial bolts as shall make the joints at least equal 
m strength to all other parts of the pipe. 

Any form of joint that wiQ add to the safety or increase the strength 
of flange and pipe connections over those provided for by this rule 
shall be allowed on any and all classes of steam pipe. 

STEEL FEED AND STEAM PIPE. 

The terminal and intermediate flanges of all wrought-iron and 
homogeneous-steel feed and steam pipes over 2 inches in diameter, 
other than on pipe or coil boilers or steam generators, shall be made 
of wrought iron, homogeneous steel, or equivalent material; and all 
such flanges shall have a depth through the bore of not less than that 
equal to one-half of the diameter of the pipe to which any such flange 
may be attached, and such bores ahall increase slightly toward the 
face of the flanges, and the ends of such pipes shall be enlarged to fit 
the bore of the flanges, and they shall be substantially beaded over 
or outward into a recess in the face of each flange. Flanges welded 
to wrought-iron, Bessemer, or other steel pipes may be used: 



(II, 28) 58 

Provided, That on boilers constructed prior to June 30, 1905, the 
foregoing provisions of this paragraph shall apply only to such 
pipes when over 3 inches in diameter. 

But where such pipes are made of extra heavy lap-welded steam 
pipe up to and including 5 inches in diameter the flanges may be 
attached with screw threads, and all joints in bends may be made 
with good and substantial malleable-iron elbows or equivalent 
material. 

All feed and steam pipes of 3 inches in diameter or under may be 
connected at their intermediate joints by being screwed into flanges, 
sleeves, elbows, union couplings, or other fittings. 

Where the thickness of the material in the boiler or drum, or the 
heads thereof, is not less than one-half inch, or where such boiler, 
drum, or head thereof has been reenforced by having a pad or flange 
riveted on the same, to make the thickness not less than one-half 
inch, pipes or fittings of 2 inches in diameter or under may be screwed 
directly into the same. Where steam or feed pipes of 2 inches in 
diameter or under are screwed into the boiler, the stop valve shall be 
connected to the boiler by as short a nipple as it is possible to use, 
nipples to be of extra-heavy thickness. 

All lap-welded or riveted wrought-iron or steel or seamless drawn 
steel steam pipes over 54 inches in diameter when expanded into 
tapered holes, or where pipe is brought to a true and parallel circle 
at the ends and the flanges shrunk on the same and beaded over into a 
recess at the face of the flanges, or when flared to an angle of approxi- 
mately 20 degrees, shall be substantidly riveted through the hubs of 
said flanges, and no hubs shall project less than If inches from the 
back of said flanges: Provided, however, That when such pipes are 
efficiently riveted into cast-steel, wrought-iron, or homogeneous-steel 
flanges, said flanges to be equal in strength to the strength of the 
pipe, the process of expanding and beading may be dispensed with. 

Expanded pipe joints when made by any process which consists 
of grooving the inner bore of the pipe flange and expanding the pipe 
into same, then flaring the end of the pipe to an angle of 20 degrees, 
may be used on all steam piping when the flanges are made of cast 
steel, forged steel, or wrought iron without riveting. The piping 
with the flange attached shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure 
of twice the working pressure. 

The joints of all flanges shall be made with a sufficient number of 
good and substantial bolts or rivets to make such joints at least 
equal in strength to all other parts of the pipe. 

Lap-welded steam pipes of iron or steel, with their flanges welded 
on, shall be tested by a hydrostatic pressure of at least double the 
working pressure of the steam to be carried, and properly annealed 
after all the work requiring fire is finished. When ah affidavit of the 
manufacturer is furnished that such test has been made and pipes so 
annealed, they may be used for marine purposes. 

When holes exceeding 6 inches in diameter are cut in boilers for 
pipe connections, manhole and handhole plates, such holes shall be 
reenforced, either on the inside or outside of boiler, with reenforcing 
wrought-iron or steel rings, which shall be securely riveted or properly 
fastened to the boiler, such reenforcing material to be rings or suf- 
ficient width and thickness of material to fully compensate for the 



59 (II, 28) 

amount of material cut from such boilers, in flat surfaces; and where 
such opening is made in the circumferential plates of such boilers, 
the reenforcing ring shall have a sectional area equal to at least one- 
half the sectional area of the opening parallel with, the longitudinal 
seams of such portion of the boiler. On boilers carrying 75 pounds 
or less steam pressure a cast-iron stop valve, properly flanged, may- 
be used as a reenforcement to such opening. When holes are cut in 
any flat surface of such boilers and such holes are flanged inwardly 
to a depth of not less than Ih inches, measuring from the outer sur- 
face, the reenforcement rin^s may be dispensed with. 

No connection between snell of boiler and mud drum shall exceed 
9 inches in diameter, and the flange of the mud-drum leg shall con- 
sist of an equal amount of material to that cut out of the shell of 
boiler. 

SLIP JOIXTS, 

The wearing surface of the male pipe in all slip joints made after 
June 30, 1908, for use in steam pipes shall be of copper or composi- 
tion, and the said male pipe shall be of sufficient length and so 
adjusted as to prevent accidental withdrawal from the stufl&iig box. 
(Sees. 4405, 4418, R. S.) 

CAST STEEL, SEMISTEEL, FERROSTEEL, CAST IRON, MALLEABLE IROX, 
HARD BRASS, BROXZE, AXD OTHER COMPOSITIOXS MADE OF COPPER, 
TIX, AXD ZIXC. 

29. Cast-steel fittings of any size or character, and for any pressure, 
may be used for any and all steam and feed-pipe connections, and for 
boiler fittings, valves, cocks, and all appliances subject to steam or 
water pressure in connection with the Boilers and engines of steam 
vessels, when made by regular processes and by manufacturers who 
stamp such fittings and appliances with their trade-mark or identify- 
ing stamp and who guarantee the castings to possess the follo^ving 
physical characteristics: Tensile strength, minimum, 50,000; maxi- 
mum, 70,000 pounds per square inch; elastic limit, minimum, not 
less than 45 per cent of tensile strength; elongation in 2 inches, mini- 
mum, 25 per cent. There shall be taken from each heat an annealed 
coupon or coupons, for the purpose of determining the physical tests, 
and the manufacturei^ shall furnish coupons to the local inspectors 
for tests when so required. All steel castings shall be thoroughly 
annealed. 

The minimum thickness of steel fittings shall be determined by the 
following formula : 

T-^^+ 188 
^-7,000 + -^^^ 

Where P = working pressure in pounds. 
D = diameter in inches. 
T = thickness in inches. 

Malleable iron possessing a tensile strength of not less than 30,000 
pounds to the square inch may be used for any casting or connection 
up to and including 6 inches in diameter, and for pressures not 
exceeding 300 pounds, or a temperature of 417.5° F. Such castings 



{II, 29) 60 

of 3 inches in diameter or over shall be extra heavy, beaded or banded, 
and stamped with the trade-mark or identifying stamp of the 
manufacturer. 

Cast iron, semisteel, or ferrosteel, possessing a tensile strength of 
not less than 20,000 pounds to the square inch may be used in the con- 
struction of valves and fittings when such valves and fittings of 3 
inches in diameter or over are stamped with the trade-mark or identi- 
fying stamp of the manufacturer, and made in accordance with the 
following formula : 

3,000^' 

Where T = thickness of casting in inches. 

P = pressure of steam allowable in pounds. 
D = internal diameter of the largest opening contained in the 
cylindrical part of the casting. 
Cast iron may also be used in the construction of manhole and hand- 
hole plates. 

Hard brass, bronze, and other compositions, of which 95 per cent is 
copper, tin, and zinc, possessing a tensile strength of not less than 
30,000 pounds to the square inch, may be used in the construction of 
aU fittings up to and including 12 inches in diameter, and for aU pres- 
sures not exceeding 300 pounds per square inch, and not exceedmg a 
temperature of 425° F. For all pressures of m.ore than 300 pounds, 
and a temperature of more than 425° F., no fittings other than steel 
shall be allowed. 

VALVES AND FITTINGS. 

On all boilers built after July 1, 1896, a stopcock or valve shall be 
placed between all check valves and boiler, and between all steam and 
water pipes and the boiler. 

AU boiler connections of over 2 inches in diameter, except the con- 
nections for safety valves, shall be permanently flanged and bolted 
directly to the boiler. Where the connecting point on the boiler is 
of circular form, distance pieces shall be allowed in order to square 
the point of attachment of the flanged fittings, but no such distance 
piece shall be allowed to exceed 8 inches in length on its shortest side. 

Cast-steel flanged fittings, when conforming strictly with the 
requirements for steel castings, may be used for the purpose of con- 
necting main and auxiliary stop valves and other steam outlets, 
including safety valves, distance from axis of outlets of such fittings 
to point of connection with boiler to be as short as practicable. 

All valves shall bear the trade-mark of the manufacturer, which 
shall guarantee the uniform thickness of the walls of the valve 
chamber. 

All such valves of 3 inches and over shall also be stamped with the 
number of pounds pressure of steam the manufacturer guarantees 
them to stand. 

The manufacturer of all such valves and fittings shall file with the 
Supervising Inspector General a certificate duly sworn to that all 
valves and fittings furnished by them for use on boilers of steam ves- 
sels comply with the requirements of the foregoing rule. 



61 (II, 29) 

After July 1, 1911, local inspectors shall refuse to allow the use of 
any such valves or fittings on boilers of steam vessels until notified by 
the Supervising Inspector General that such certificate is on file in his 
office. This shall not apply to valves and fittings installed previous 
to July 1, 1911. 

Screwed bonnets on cast-iron valves are positively prohibited. AU 
valves over 2 inches in diameter shall have bolted bonnets or covers. 
The necks of the valves shall be extra heavy and as short as practi- 
cable. Wliere valves of less than 2^ inches in diameter are connected 
directly to the boiler, they thall be of cast steel, hard brass, or bronze. 

All pipe fittings of more than 3 inches internal diameter shall be 
subjected by the manufacturer to a hydrostatic test of three and one- 
half times the pressure to which they will be subjected in service. 

Valves and fittings of 3 inches and under may be connected by 
screw threads at their intermediate joints in pipe lines, but at point 
of connection wdth boiler all valves and fittings over 2 inches diame- 
ter shall be flanged and properly secured by bolts, studs, or rivets, 
and no fitting shall be of greater length than specified by the " Man- 
ufacturers' Standard." 

Cast nozzles shall not be used when exposed to the direct action of 
the fire. 

All sea valves or cocks secured to the skin of the vessel by bolts 
and connected to the engines or boilers by pipes shall be arranged 
so as to be accessible at all times, so that if a leak or defect occurs 
it can be reached. All parts of said valves except the chamber shall 
be made of brass or bronze when used on wooden-huU vessels navi- 
gating salt water; but in the case of iron-huU vessels the brass or 
bronze bolts may be dispensed with. 



CAST IRON AND SUBJECT TO BOILER PRESSURE. 

When evaporators, feed heaters, and separators are constructed of 
cast iron possessing a tensile strength of not less than 20,000 pounds 
per square inch, the shells being cylindrical and ends flat or convex, 
the castings sound and of uniform thickness, the working pressure 
shall not exceed that found by the following formulas : 

Flat surface : Cylindrical shell : 

p^ 20,000 XT^ p 3,500XT 



D^ " ~ D 



=v 



PxD^ ^_ PxD 

20,000 3,500 



Where P = working pressure per square inch in pounds. 
T = thickness in inches. 

Provided, 1. That the thickness of ends of evaporators, feed 
heaters, and separators shall be not less than three-eighths of an inch. 
2. That to the resultant thickness obtained by the formula given 
above there shall be added, for cylinders having an inside diameter 



(II, 29) 62 

of 1 inch to 6 inches inclusive, one-fourth of an inch; for cylinders 
having an inside diameter of over 6 inches to 15 inches inclusive, 
one-eighth of an inch. 

D = diameter inside in inches. When the pressure is to be deter- 
mined for a part of a flat surface which is a square, or 
rectangle in the flat surface formula, the value of D 
used shall be the diagonal of the square or rectangle, and 
when the ends are bolted to the shell the value of D used 
shall equal the diameter of the bolt circle. 

All flanges shall be substantial, and there shall be a good filiet all 
around the root, and when the ends and shell are cast solid there 
shall be a good and substantial fillet inside all around. 

The bolts or studs for the ends or doors shall not have a greater 
stress than 6,000 pounds per square inch, and the size of bolts or 
studs shall be not less than three-fourths of an inch in diameter. 

Evaporators shall be provided with an efficient safety valve of 
approved type, same to be set to blow at 10 pounds pressure, and it 
shall be the duty of the engineer in charge of the vessel to see that 
such valve blows off at least once in 30 days. (Sec. 4418, R. S.) 

Rule III. — Boats, Rafts, Bulkheads, and Life-Saving 
Appliances. 

Section. 

Affidavit of test of line-carrying guns .' . . . 17 

Air tanks of lifeboats. 2 

Automatic plug required on metallic lifeboats 2 

Barges, ocean towed, how equipped 3 

Barstow life rafts 12 

Brude lifeboat. 12 

Bulkheads required for certain steam and sail vessels 24 

Carley life float, carrying capacity allowed 12 

Carrying capacity of lifeboats, how determined 5 

Carrying capacity of life rafts, how determined 13 

Clark's life rafts. 12 

Drill required with line-carrying gun 22 

Drawings and specifications of lifeboats required 1 

Drawings and specifications of life rafts required 9 

Engelhardt lifeboats 13 

Escape, means of, to lifeboats 23 

Equipments required on Uf eboats 3 

Equipments required on life rafts 11 

Fire boats, lifeboats required on 6 

Floats, wooden, material and dimensions of 16 

Friction devices for distress signals allowed under certain conditions 3 

Guns, line-carrying, drill required with 22 

Guns, line-carrying, mode of manufacture and test of 18 

Kapok life preservers, use of prohibited 15 

Ladders or steps required on steamers 23 

Lifeboats, air tanks of 1 

Lifeboats, carrying capacity, size, and test of .* 5 

Lifeboats, care required of .... : 4 

Lifeboats, collapsible, may be substituted 6 

Lifeboats, construction of 1,2 

Lifeboats, drawings and specifications required 1 

Lifeboats, Hawaiian steamers, how equipped 2 

Lifeboats, how carried 4 

Lifeboats, how equipped 3 

Lifeboats, how marked 4 

Lifeboats, inspection of, when built 1 

Lifeboats, metal, scow-shaped, capacity of 13 

Lifeboats, metallic, to have automatic plug 2 



63 (III) 

Section. 

Lifeboats, motor-driven, on steamers 6 

Lifeboats, name plate required on 2 

Lifeboats required on various classes of vessels 6 

Lifeboats required on inspected sail vessels 7 

Lifeboats, where not required 8 

Life rafts, care required of 10 

Life rafts, carrying capacity of 12 

Life rafts, drawings and specifications required 9 

Life rafts, how built 9,10 

Life rafts, how equipped 11 

Life rafts, how marked 9 

Life rafts, inspection of, when built 9 

Life rafts may be substituted for a portion of lifeboats 6 

Life preservers, number and kind required 14 

Life preservers of kapok or loose granulated cork, use not allowed 15 

Line-carr>T.ng projectiles and means of propelling theni 18-22 

Line-carrjdng gun, crew to be drilled in use of, and drills entered on log 22 

Line-carrying guns, I-rvle and Hunt, report of test of 21 

Lundin decked lifeboat, rules for 13 

Means of escape from steamers 25 

Name plate required on Lifeboats 1 

Name plate required on life rafts 9 

Name of steamer required on equipments 20 

Notice of location of life preservers to be posted 14 

Powell's emergency ration on lifeboats 3 

Ring buoys may be required 17 

Rockets, Une-carr^ing 19 

Steam launch, capacity of . 6 

Steering apparatus, extra, for steamers 23 

Sail vessels, lifeboat and life-preserver equipment 7 

Towing steamers, stern-wheel, lifeboats required on 6 

Working boat required 6 

LIFEBOATS. 

DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, NAME PLATE. 

1. All lifeboats shall be substantially constructed in accordance 
with drawings, or blue prints, and specifications approved by the 
supervising inspector of the district in which the lifeboats are built. 

Builders of lifeboats shall furnish the supervising inspector of the 
district in which the lifeboats are built drawings, or blue prints, and 
specifications showing and explaining the construction of same, and 
snowing the tensile strength and ductility of the metal used. The 
metal used shall have a tensile strength of not less than 40,000 pounds 
per square inch, and an elongation m a length of 4 inches of at least 
20 per cent when the thickness of the metal is of, or greater than, 
No. 16 B. W. G., and 15 per cent when the thickness of the metal 
is less than No. 16 B. W. G. 

Builders of lifeboats shall affix a plate or other device to each life- 
boat, having thereon the builder's name, number of boat, date of 
construction of boat, cubical contents of boat, and number of per- 
sons said boat will carry, as determined by the rules of the Board of 
Supervising Inspectors. 

INSPECTION OF LIFEBOATS WHEN BUILT. 

Supervising inspectors of districts where lifeboats are built shall 
detail an assistant or local inspector to any place where lifeboats are 
being built, whose duty it shall be to carefully inspect and examine 



(Ill, 1) 64 

the construction of such Hfeboats, and he shall satisfy himself that 
such lifeboats are constructed in accordance with the drawings, or 
blue prints, and specifications furnished by the builders. When the 
assistant or local inspector approves the construction of the boat, he 
shall stamp his initials, together with the letters U. S. I., on a blank 
space on the plate required to be affixed to the boat by the builder. 
The initials of the assistant or local inspector shall be satisfactory 
evidence to all parties interested that the boat has been constructed 
in accordance with the drawings, or blue prints, and specifications 
on file. 

AIR TANKS OF LIFEBOATS. 

All lifeboats constructed after June 30, 1905, shall be provided 
with air tanks, and in all lifeboats of 18 feet in length or over for ocean, 
lake, bay, or sound steamers, contracted for after September 30, 1912, 
not more than 50 per cent of the air-tank capacity shall be allowed 
in the ends of the boat, and the remaining capacity shall be located 
in the side tanks. 

After June 30, 1912, the air tanks of all lifeboats shall be entirely 
independent of the hull or other construction and shaU be of suitable 
noncorrosive material and of a capacity of not less than 1.5 cubic 
feet for each person allowed in metallic boats, and not less than 1 
cubic foot for each person allowed in wooden boats. Such air tanks 
shall be firmly and securely fastened in the huU, and in such manner 
as will allow them to be temporarily removed; and in no case shall 
the tank be punctured or opened for such fastenings. The tops of 
such tanks shall be thoroughly protected by a grating or platform 
or by the thwarts or seats. Such air tanks of 6 cubic feet or less 
shall be constructed of material of a thickness not less than No. 22 
B. W. G. ; from 6 cubic feet to and including 15 cubic feet, of a thick- 
ness not less than No. 20 B. W. G., and all air tanks of more than 15 
cubic feet capacity shall be of a thickness not less than No. 18 B. W. G. 

All joints of air tanks shall be properly double riveted and tightly 
calked or securely hook jointed and efficiently soldered or properly 
and securely welded. 

The cubical contents of air space of air tank shaU be stamped on 
the tank where same can be seen when air tank is placed in boat. 

AH air tanks shaU be fitted with a connection of one-half inch out- 
side diameter, for testing purposes. 

AH air tanks of lifeboats shall be tested at the original and all 
subsequent annual inspections, and oftener if in the opinion of the 
inspectors it is necessary, by a pressure of not more than 1 pound 
to the square inch, which applied pressure shall be maintained for a 
period of not less than two minutes. 

This section shall apply to all lifeboats built after June 30, 1912. 
(Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC LIFEBOATS FOR RIVER STEAMERS. 

2. Metallic lifeboats for river steamers, of 20 feet length and under, 
shaU be constructed of metal of not less thickness than No. 18 B. W. G. 
Metal lifeboats of over 20 and not over 24 feet in length shall have 
a thickness of metal of not less than No. 16 B. W. G. Metallic life- 
boats longer than 24 feet shall be constructed of plates of not less 
thickness than No. 14 B. W. G. 



65 (III, 2) 

All seams and joints shall be properly double riveted. The seams 
and butt laps shall lap at least !{ inches. 

The center of the row of rivets nearest the edge of a sheet shall be 
about f of an inch from the edge. Rivets shall be staggered with 
not less than 18 rivets to the foot, and shall have countersunk heads. 
The diameter of shank of rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. 

All metallic lifeboats shall be furnished with an automatic plug. 

CONSTRUCTION OF METALLIC LIFEBOATS FOR OCEAN, LAKE, BAY, AND SOUND STEAMERS. 

All metallic lifeboats for ocean, lake, bay, and sound steamers 
shall be constructed in accordance with the following specifications : 

The Jceels, stems, sterwposts, gunwales, and nosings shall be of clear- 
grain, sound oak or other suitable wood, each in one length, except 
that the gunwales and nosings may be made in two lengths. When 
made in two lengths the gunwales shall be scarfed with a good long 
bevel scarf stiffened on the underside by a piece of gunwale material 
at least 2 feet in length, 1-| inches thick, and the width of the gunv/ale. 

The stem of each boat shall be of a natural or steam crook, scarfed 
at least 9 mches in length on the keel and fastened thereto with two 
|-inch through clinch bolts driven through deadwood fitted on the 
mside. 

Each sternpost shall be stepped over the end of the keel half the 
length of sternpost and recessed at least 2^ inches deep into keel, the 
whole to be secured on the inside by a crook or knee of sufl&cient 
width to receive the flanges of the shell plates. 

Each joint of the stem and sternpost shall be fitted with two 
f-inch stopvMters under the shell flanges. Stem and sternpost shall 
be bearded to not less than 1 J inches. 

The flanges of shell plates on boats not over 20 feet long shall lap 
on the keel, stem, and sternpost at least 21 inches; on boats over 20 
feet and not over 24 feet long, at least 2^ inches; and on boats 
over 24 feet long, at least 2| inches, to be fairly drawn up and nailed 
over a strip of No. 6 cotton duck the width of the flanges, which shall 
be secured by three rows of galvanized nails driven zigzag. No 
part of the keel, stem, or sternpost outside of the shell flanges shall 
be covered with sheet metal. 

In boats not over 20 feet long the nails shall be driven zigzag on 
lines f, IJ, and If inches, respectively, from the' edge of the flanges, 
and pitched If inches. In boats over 20 feet and not over 24 feet long 
the nails shall be driven on lines f, IJ, and 2 J inches, respectively, 
from the edge of the flanges, and pitched If inches. In boats over 
24 feet long the nails shall be driven on lines f, If, and 2f inches, 
respectively, from the edge of the flanges, and pitched 1^ inches. 

In boats not over 20 feet long the nails shall be not less than If 
inches long. No. 10 B. W. G. In boats over 20 feet and not over 24 
feet long the nails shall be not less than 2 inches long, No. 10 B. W. G. 
In boats over 24 feet long the nails shall be not less than 2 J inches 
long. No. 9 B. W. G. 

Metallic lifeboats of a length not over 20 feet shaU be constructed 
of plates of not less thickness than No. 18 B. W. G. Boats over 20 
feet and not over 24 feet long shall be constructed of plates of not less 
thickness than No. 16 B. W. G. Boats longer than 24 feefshall be 
constructed of plates of not less thickness than No. 14 B. W. G. 
85797°— 13 5 



(Ill, 2) 



66 



All seams and joints shall be properly double riveted. The seams 
and butt laps shall lap at least IJ inches. 

The center of the row of rivets nearest the edge of a sheet shall be 
about f of an inch from the edge. Rivets shall be staggered, with 
not less than 18 rivets to the foot, and shall have countersunk heads. 
The diameter of shank of rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. 

TJie Jceels, stems, and stern-posts sJiall he not less than the following 
sizes: 



Length of boat. 


Width 

of keel, 

stem, and 

sternpost. 


Depth 

of keel, 

stem, and 

sternpost. 


Not over 1!^ fest 


Inches. 
1.8 
2.0 
2.1 
2.2 
2.3 
2.4 
2.5 
2.6 
2.7 
2.8 


Inches. 
4.2 


Over 18 and not over 20 feet 


5.0 


Over 20 and not over 21 feet 


5.0 


Over 21 and not over 22 feet 


5.0 


Over 22 and not over 23 feet . . 


5.0 


Over 23 and not over 24 feet 


5.0 


Over 24 and not over 25 feet 


5.0 


Over 25 and not over 26 feet 


5.0 


Over 26 and not over 27 feet 


5.0 


Over 27 and not over 28 feet 


5.0 







Steel having one-sixth of the sectional area, of wood found by the 
above table may be used in lieu of wood for keels, stems, sternposts, 
and gunwales of metalhc Hfeboats. The keels of all boats over 26 
feet long shall be strengthened by the addition of a main Iceelson 
extending not more than two- thirds the length of the boat and having 
one-half the area of the main keel, to which it shall be through fas- 
tened with f-inch cUnch bolts spaced not less than 14 inches. 

The size of gunwales shall he of not less than the following dimen- 
sions: 



Length of boat. 


Depth of 
gunwale. 


Width of 

gunwale. 


Not over 1<S feet 


Inches. 
H 

I' 

It 
21 


Inches. 
2 


Over 18 and not over 20 feet . 


2^ 


Over 20 and not over 22 feet 


2J 


Over 22 and not over 24 feet 


, 




OA'er 24 and not over 26 feet. . . 


2b 


Over 26 and not over 28 feet 


2| 







The gunwales of boats not over 22 feet long shall be attached to 
the thwarts by steel hraees at least IJ inches wide by ^ of an inch 
thick, teed 4 inches on the thwarts and secured thereto by two |-inch 
carriage bolts, and to the gunwales by a -|-inch bolt clinched over the 
plate on the outside. In boats over 22 feet long, such steel braces 
shaU be at least H inches by | of an inch, teed 5 inches on the thwarts 
and secured thereto by three J-inch carriage bolts, and to the gun- 
wales by ^inch bolts chnched over the plate on the outside. All 
sheer plates shall come up on the gunwale to within -| inch of its top 
and be nailed thereto vAm l^-inch boat nails spaced 6 inches. 

All nosings shall be formed of so-called haK rounds, mitered to fit 
fairly against the gunwales and sheer plates, through which they 



67 (III, 2) 

shall be nailed to the gunwales every 6 mches with wire nails of No. 10 
gauge and not less than 2f inches long. The flat side of nosings on 
boats of not over 20 feet long shall be not less than 1 J inches vAde 
and I of an inch thick. On boats over 20 feet and not over 24 feet 
long the flat side of the nosing shall be not less than IJ inches mde 
and 1 inch thick through the round. On all boats over 24 feet long 
the flat side of the nosing shall be not less than 2i inches wide and 1 
inch thick tliroiigh the round. 

All tliicarts shall be made of clear yellow pine or fir. 

In boats not over 20 feet long thwarts shall be at least IJ inches 
tliick by 7^ inches wide. In boats over 20 feet and not over 24 feet 
long they shall be at least 1} inches thick by 8 inches wide. In boats 
over 24 feet long they shall be If inches tiiick b}^ 9 inches wide. 
Ail thwarts over 4 J feet long shall be supported by stancMons of pine 
1 inch by 5 mches. Every thwart shall be secured at each end to the 
boat side by a double or U flange of No. 16 plate riveted to the shell 
with Ave rivets. Tlie thwarts shall be pushed in between those 
flanges and secured thereto by five boat nails driven down through 
the "upper flanges, thwarts, and lower flanges, and turned over 
beneath. 

BreaMJiool's formed of steel for boats not over 20 feet long shall be 
I inch thick and 1^ inches wide. In boats over 20 feet and not 
over 24 feet long, such hooks shall be yq of an inch thick by If inches 
wide. In boats over 24 feet long such hooks shall be -^ of an inch 
thick by 1^ inches vdde. 

No such breasthooks shall be less than 9 inches long. 

Breasthooks shall be fastened through the gninwales each side 
with three i-inch button-head bolts clinched over the shell plate. 
AU such breasthooks shall be upset in the throat sufficient to allow 
the upper bolt tlu'ough the ring strap to pass through the hook mth- 
out reducmg the sectional area thereof. 

The midsliij) footings in boats not over 18 feet long shall be not less 
than J of an inch tiiick, and have two fpotings on each side, which 
footin£;3 shall be I of an inch thick by 7 and 5 inches wide, respec- 
tively. The midship footings in boats over 18 feet and not over 24 
feet long shall be not less than 1 inch thick by 12 mches wide and 
have three footings on each side, which shall be 1 inch thick by 7, 6, 
and 4 inches, respectively, in width. The midship footings in boats 
over 24 feet and not over 26 feet long shall be not less than 1 inch 
thick and 12 inches wide, and such boats shall have not less than 
three footings on each side, each to be not less than 1 mch thick by 
7, 6, and 4^ inches, respectively, in width. Boats over 26 feet long 
having a keelson shall have three footings on each side 1 inch thick 
by 8, 6, and 5 inches, respectively, ui width. All said footings shall be 
fitted fairly to the bottom over a coat of lead paint and held in place 
by straps of No. 18 plate, 1 J inches wide, riveted with four rivets to 
the boat shell. The strap shall pass up through an aperture in the 
middle of each footing and receive a toggle of gas pipe f of an inch 
in diameter and of a length not less than two-thirds of the width of the 
footing. There shall be not less than four such toggles in each foot- 
ing in boats not over 20 feet long, nor less than five such toggles in 
boats over 20 feet and not over 24 feet long. In boats over 24 feet 
long there shall be six such toggles in each footing. The midship foot- 
ings shall be secured to the bottom by straps and toggles in two rows 



(111,2) ^ 68 

placed 3 inches from each edge of the footing, and fastened with 
toggles of J-inch pipe 3 J inches long. Hardwood toggles may be 
used in lieu of pipe when the same are formed of oak of so-called 
half rounds, 1 inch on their flat side and f of an inch thick. Iron 
or steel of so-called half rounds not less than f of an inch on the flat 
side and not less than -^ of an inch thick may also be used for 
toggles. 

The tackle rings in boats not over 18 feet long shall be formed of 
not less than f-inch round steel. In boats over 18 feet and not over 
22 feet long such rings shall be form^ed of not less than f-mch round 
steel. In boats over 22 feet and not over 26 feet long such rings 
shall be formed of not less than H-inch round steel. In boats over 
26 feet long such rings shall be formed of not less than J-mch round 
steel. Such rings shall be welded through eyes of equal strength in 
the ring straps, which straps shall have a sectional area on each side of 
the upper bolt hole equal to that of the ring, and the sectional area of 
strap on each side of the next bolt hole shall be two-thkds that of 
such ring, and on each side of the next row of bolt holes one-half that 
of such ring. 

The pitch of bolt holes in all such stra]3s shall be 3 mches. 

In boats not over 18 feet long said ring straps shall be secured 
with three bolts -| of an mch in diameter. In boats over 18 feet 
and not over 22 feet in length such ring straps shall be secured by 
three bolts f of an inch in diameter. In boats over 22 feet and not 
over 26 feet long such ring straps shall be secured by four bolts f 
of an inch in diameter. In boats over 26 feet long such ring straps 
shall be secured by five bolts, the upper two of which shall be f of an 
inch in diameter and the other three -f^ of an inch in diameter. 
The two upper bolts shall be driven through and clinched on the 
outer edge of the stem and sternpost. The lower bolt or bolts may 
be driven blunt 3 -J- inches into the stem and sternpost. The upper 
bolts shall pass through the breasthooks. 

All boats shall be fitted with rudders made of clear, straight-grained 
oak or fir, which shall be stiffened across the bottom edge by a piece 
of wood of the same character, properly nailed. 

All gudgeons and pintles shall be strapped to the wood and through 
fastened. 

Each lifeboat shall be fitted with an automatic plug. 

All the shell plates, air tanks, nails, gunwale braces, rudder braces, 
and fastenings of metallic boats shall be galvanized when said parts 
are made of steel or iron. 

The gauge numbers given in sections 1 and 2 of Kule III are the 
Birmingham standard (B. W. G.). 

This section shall apply to all metallic lifeboats built after June 30, 
1912. (Sees. 4405, 4481, 4488, R. S.) 

EQUIPMENT OF LIFEBOATS. 

3. Lifeboats required on lake, bay, sound, and river steamers and 
ocean steamers under 150 gross tons, except upon river steamers 
hereinafter provided for, shall be equipped with a properly secured 
life line the entire length on each side, such life line to be festooned in 
bights not longer than 3 feet, with a seine float in each bight; at least 
2 life preservers, or 2 wooden floats where the same are allowed by 



69 (in, 3) 

law; 1 painter of not less than 2i-inch manila rope (about .9 inch 
diameter), properly attached and of suitable length; a full comple- 
ment of oars and 2 spare oars of suitable length; a full complement of 
rowlocks and 2 spare rowlocks, each rowlock to be attached to the 
boat with a separate cham; 1 steering oar with rowlock or becket, or 
1 rudder with yoke and suitable yoke ropes; 1 boat hook attached to 
staff of suitable length, 1 ax, 1 bucket with lanyard attached. 
Wooden boats shall have, in addition to the above, 2 plugs for each 
dram hole, attached to the boat with chains. 

Ijifeboats required on ocean steamers of 150 gross tons and over 
shall have the eq[uipment enumerated and specified in the foregoing 
paragi'aph, and in addition thereto shall be equipped with 1 bailer, 
1 efficient liquid compass with not less than a 2-inch card, 1 lantern 
with attached lamp containmg sufficient oil to burn at least nine 
hours and ready for immediate use, 1 gallon of illuminating oil in a 
substantial can, at least 1 box of friction matches wrapped in a water- 
proof package and carried m a box attached to the underside of the 
stern thwart, at least 15 gallons of fi'esh water carried in a strong 
wooden breaker or suitable tank fitted with a siphon, pump, or spigot 
for drawmg water, and at least 2 drmking cups of enameled metal, 1 
substantial metal can containing not less than 25 pounds of hard 
bread, or 30 rations (equaling 15 pounds) of Powell's United States 
ilrmy emergency ration, the metal bread can to be fitted with an 
opening in the top not less than 5 inches in diameter, properly pro- 
tected by a screw cap made of heavy cast brass with machine thread 
and an attached double toggle seatmg to a pliable rubber gasket, which 
shall insure a tight joint, in order to properly protect the contents of 
the can; 1 canvas bag containing sailmaker's palm and needles, sail 
twme, marline, marlme spike,, and hatchet. Every such lifeboat 
shall also be provided with 12 pyrotechnic red lights capable of 
burning at least two minutes and carried in a metal case. Signals 
fired by friction shall be protected on the ends by cotton, stowed in 
metal cases, and so arranged as to be reversed before applying fric- 
tion. In addition to the above equipment, at least one of the life- 
boats shall be equipped with one lugsail with necessary rigging 
attached, the sail bent to a yard with necessary gear, and the whole 
protected by a suitable canvas cover, and one mast with necessary 
rigging and gear, and where more than four lifeboats are cariied two 
at least shall be so equipped. 

Lifeboats on steamers na">7igating the Red River of the North, 
rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico, the Yukon, and 
other similar rivers shall be equipped with the life Ime specified in 
previous paragraph, 4 oars of suitable length, 1 spare oar, 4 rowlocks 
and 1 spare rowlock, 1 boat hook attached to a staff of suitable length, 
1 life preserver or float, 1 ax, 1 painter of not less than 2 J-inch manila 
rope (about .9 inch diameter), properly attached and of suitable 
length. Wooden boats shall also be equipped with two plugs for 
drain hole, the rowlocks and plugs to be attached to the boat with 
suitable chain. 

Lifeboats on steamers navigating Hawaiian waters exclusively 
shall be exempt from the use of air tanks and the requirements of 
this section relating to lifeboat equipment, except the requirements 
for oars. 



(in, 3) 



70 



Pleasure steamei's, and all other steamers of 150^ grossTons but not- 
over 750 gross tons limited by their certificate of inspection to routes 
on the ocean of not more than 15 miles from any harbor are required 
to have only the lifeboats of 180 cubic feet capacity and over equipped 
as required for lifeboats on ocean steamers of 150 gross tons and 
over, but the lifeboats of less than 180 cubic feet capacity on steamers 
covered by this paragraph shall be equipped as required by the first 
paragraph of this section. 

LIFEBOATS ON SEAGOING BARGES OF ICO GROSS TONS OR OYER, 

The lifeboats required on seagoing barges of 100 gross tons or over 
shall be at least 14 feet long and equipped with a properly secured 
life line the entire length on each side,"such life Ime to be festooned 
in bights not longer than 3 feet, with a seine float in each bight, at 
least 2 life preservers, 1 painter of not less than 2J-inch manila rope 
(about .9 inch diameter) properly attached and of suitable length, 
4 oars of suitable length for size of boat, not less than 4 rowlocKs, 1 
boat hook properly secured to staff of suitable length, 1 bucket, and 
on wooden boats 2 plugs for each drain hole. The rowlocks and 
lufiTs shall be attached to the boat with suitable chain. (Sec. 4405, 



i: 



■•) 



HOW LIFEBOATS MUST BE CARRIED AND OVERHAULED. 



4. All lifeboats on vessels carrying passengers shall, if practicable, 
be carried under substantial davits or cranes; but if it is not practi- 
cable so to carry all the lifeboats requked, the remainder shall be 
stowed near at hand, so as to be easily and readily launched. Such 
davits, cranes, and necessary gear shall be such as will enable the 
lifeboats to be lowered to the water in less than two minutes from the 
thne the clearing away of the boats is begun. 

Each lifeboat carried under davits shall be provided with two 
separate davits. When a single crane is properly adapted to lower 
a lifeboat, it may be allowed to take the place of the two davits. 
Such davits or cranes, and the blocks and the falls thereof, on all 
passenger vessels except ferryboats, shall be of sufficient strength 
to carry the boat with its full load. 

It shall be the duty of the master or officer in charge of all vessels 
to see that the boat davit falls shall at all times be in readiness for 
immediate use, and protected from ice, and not painted, and such 
boat davit falls on all boats not swung out at boat drills shall be cut 
adrift and overhauled; and it shall be unlawful to stow in any life- 
boat articles other than those required by law and regulations. 

Lifeboats shall be stripped, cleaned, painted, and thoroughly over- 
hauled at least once in every year. 

AU lifeboats shall have the number of boat plainly marked or 
painted on each bow, in figures not less than 3 inches high. Where 
lifeboats are carried on both sides of a vessel, lifeboat No. 1 shaU be 
forward on starboard side of vessel, lifeboat No. 2 forward on port 
side, lifeboat No. 3 next abaft lifeboat No. 1 on starboard side, life- 
boat No. 4 next abaft lifeboat No. 2 on port side, and so forth, the 
odd-numbered boats being on the starboard side and the even-num- 
bered boats being on the port side of vessel. All lifeboats shall have 
their cubical contents and the number of persons such lifeboat is 



71 (III, 4) 

allowed to carry plainly marked or painted on each bow, in lettei^ 
and figures not less than three-fourths of an inch high. All lifeboats 
shall also have the number of pei-sons allowed to be carried plainly 
marked or painted on top of at least two of the thwarts, in letters and 
figures not less than 3 inches high. When the letters and figures 
above required are painted on lifeboats, such letters and figures shall 
be dark on a light ground or light on a dark ground. 

The decks on wliich lifeboats of any class or Hfe rafts are carried 
shall be kept clear of freight or any other obstruction that vvould 
interfere with the immediate launching of the lifeboats or life rafts. 
(Sees, 4405, 4481, 4488, R. S.) 

CARRYING CAPACITY, SIZE, AND TEST OF LIFEBOATS. 

5. The capacity of all Hfeboats shall be determined by the follow- 
ing rule: Measure the length and breadth outside of the planking or 
plating and the depth inside at the place of minimum depth. The 
product of these dimensions multiplied by .6 resulting in the nearest 
whole number shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. 

To determine the number of persons a boat is to carry, divide the 
result b}^ 10 for ocean, lake, bay, and sound steamers, and for river 
steamers divide the result bv 8. 



EXA3iPLS. 



The carrying capacity of a boat 20 feet in length, 6 feet in breadth, 
and 2 J feet in depth shall be determined as follows: 
For ocean, lake, bay, and sound steamers, 

20x6x2iX.6 ISO ,^ 

^ .-^ — = 18 persons. 

180 
For river steamers, same boat, -^ =22 persons. 

Every lifeboat shall have sufficient room, freeboard, and stabihty 
to safely carry the number of persons allowed to be carried by the 
above rule, which fact shall be determined b}^ actual test in the water 
at the time of the first inspection of the lifeboat, except that where a 
vessel is carrying hfeboats of difterent types or capacities, at least one 
hfeboat of each type or capacity shall be so tested. 

At every annual inspection of a vessel, every lifeboat shall be tested 
by being lowered to the water, or to a wharf where a boat can not be 
lowered to the water, and lifted clear of water or wharf by block and 
falls, with boat loaded with persons to allowed capacity. 

In making the test of lifeboats as required in tliis section, the v/eight 
of a person shall be taken as 140 pounds. 

Lifeboats required on ocean vessels of 150 gi'oss tons and over shall 
be of suitable dimensions and of not less than 180 cubic feet capacity. 

Provided, That all pleasure steamers, and all other steamera over 
150 tons but not exceeding 750 tons limited by their certificates of 
inspection to routes not more than 15 miles from any harbor shall 
not be required to have more than one of the lifeboats to be of 180 
cubic feet capacity. Nothing, however in this proviso shall exempt 



(111,5) 72 

any such steamer from carrying the aggregate cubic feet of Ufeboat 
capacity required by the rules. 

Provided further , That the sujDcrvising inspector of the district 
may, in exce})tional cases, permit lifeboats of less than 180 cubic 
feet as a substitute for said boat on steamers where the crew is -insuf- 
ficient to properly handle a boat of that size, or where there is lack 
of space to properly carry so large a lifeboat, but in every such case 
the steamer shall be provided with one or more lifeboats efficient in 
character and large enough to carry every person on board. (Sees. 
4481, 4488, R. S.) 

CLASSIFICATION OF STEAMERS. 

6. For the purpose of apportioning lifeboat and life-raft equipment, 
steam vessels under the jurisdiction of the Steamboat-Inspection 
Service now in service or under construction shall be classified in 
accordance with the service in which they are engaged, the various 
classifications to be designated as follows: 

OCEAN STEAMERS. 

Under this designation shall be included all steamers whose routes 
extend 20 nautical miles or more offshore. 

COASTWISE STEAMERS. 

Under this designation shall be included all steamers whose routes 
throughout their entire length are restricted to less than 20 nautical 
miles offshore. 

LAKE, BAY, AND SOUND STEAMERS. 

Under this designation shall be included all steamers navigating the 
Northern or Northwestern Lakes, or the bays and sounds tributary to 
the waters of the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans or the Gulf of Mexico. 

In this class shall also be included steamers navigating the waters 
of the Atlantic or Pacific Oceans or the Gulf of Mexico whose routes 
are restricted to 1 nautical mile or less offshore. 

RIVER STEAMERS. 

Under this designation shall be included all steamers whose navi- 
gation is restricted to rivers exclusively. 

LIFEBOATS REQUIRED. 

All steamers other than steamers carrying passengers, except as 
otherwise hereinafter provided for, shall be equipped with lifeboats 
of sufficient capacity to accommodate at one time all persons on 
board. One-half of such equipment may be in approved life rafts 
or approved collapsible lifeboats. 

Ocean steamers carrying passengers shall be equipped with life- 
boats of sufficient capacity to accommodate at one time all persons on 
board, including passengers and crew. One-half of such lifeboat 
equipment may be in approved life rafts or approved collapsible 
lifeboats. 



I 



73 (III, 6) 

Coastwise steamei^ carrying passengers shall be equipped with 
lifeboats of siiflicicnt capacity to accommodate at one time all per- 
sons on board, including passengers and crew: Provided, however, 
That such steamers navigating during the interval from the 15th 
day of May to the 15th day of September in any one year, both 
dates inclusive, will be required to be equipped with lifeboats of 
only such capacity as will be sufficient to accommodate at one time 
at least 60 per cent of all persons on board, including passengers 
and crew; two-thirds of such required lifeboat equipment through- 
out the 3^ear may be in approved life rafts or approved collapsible 
lifeboats. 

Lake, bay, and sound steamers carrymg passengers shall be 
equipped with lifeboats of sufficient capacity to accommodate at 
one time all persons on board, including passengers and crew: 
Provided, hoivever, That such steamers navigating during the inter- 
val from the 15th day of May to the 15th day of October, in any 
one year, both dates inclusive, shall be required to be equipped with 
lifeboats of only such capacity as v/ill be sufficient to accommodate 
at one time at least 30 per cent of all persons on board, mcluding 
passengers and crew: Provided further, That such steamers navi- 
gating routes lying at all points within a distance of 5 miles from 
land, or over waters whose depth is not sufficient to entirely sub- 
merge the vessel in case of disaster, shall, during the interval from 
the 15th day of May to the 15th day of October, in any one year, 
both dates inclusive, be required to be equipped with lifeboats of 
only such capacity as will be sufficient to accommodate at one time 
at least 10 per cent of all persons on board, including passengers 
and crew: Provided further, That lake, bay, and sound steamers 
carrying passengers and navigating the waters of the lakes, bays, 
and sounds tributary to the Pacific coast, the Atlantic coast south of 
the thirty-third parallel of north latitude, and the Gulf of Mexico shall 
be equipped with lifeboats of sufficient capacity to accommodate at 
one time at least 30 per cent of all persons on board, includmg pas- 
sengers and crew: Provided,^ however, That such steamers navigating 
routes lying at all points within a distance of 5 miles from land, or 
over waters whose depth is not sufficient to entirely submerge the 
vessel in case of disaster, shall be required to be equipped with life- 
boats of only such capacity as will be sufficient to accommodate at 
one time at least 10 per cent of all persons on board, including pas- 
sengers and crew. Three-fourths of the lifeboat capacity required 
on lake, bay, and sound steamers may be in approved decked life- 
boats, life rafts, or approved collapsible lifeboats: Provided further, 
That such steamers equipped with wireless telegraphy navigating in 
daylight only and whose routes are at all times within a distance of 
10 miles from land or over waters whose depth is not sufficient to 
entirely submerge the vessel in case of disaster shall, duriag the 
interv^al from the 15th day of May to the 15th day of October in any 
one year, both dates inclusive, be required to be equipped with 
lifeboats of only such capacity as will be sufficient to accommodate 
at one time at least 15 per cent of all persons on board, including 
passengers and crew. Three-fourths of the lifeboat capacity may 
be in approved life rafts or approved collapsible lifeboats. 

River steamers carrying passengers shall be equipped with life- 
boats of sufficient capacity to accommodate at one time at least 10 
per cent of all persons on board, including passengers and crew. 



(111,6) 74 

Three-fourths of such lifeboat equipment may be in approved life 
rafts or approved collapsible lifeboats. 

Steamers of less than 150 gross tons while engaged exclusively in 
harbor towing may substitute one or more life rafts for the lifeboats 
required, when the lifeboats interfere with the practical operation of 
the steamer and such substitution may be made with safety, it being 
understood that when such vessel engages in service other than harbor 
towing she shall be equipped with lifeboats as required by the rules. 

Steamers of 50 gross tons and upward carrying passengers shall 
have one working boat with life lines attached, properly supplied v/ith 
oars and pamter, and kept in good condition at all tunes and ready 
for immediate use, in addition to the lifeboats required. The cubical 
capacity of the Vv^orking boat on steamers navigatmg the Ked River 
of the North, rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of ^Texico, 
Yukon River, and other similar rivers, the bars and channels of 
which are liable to sudden change, shall be included in the cubical 
capacity of lifeboats required. 

Steamers that are used exclusively as fire boats and connected or 
belonging to a regularly organized fire department shall be required 
to carry only such boats or rafts as in the judgment of the local 
inspectors or supervising inspector may be necessary to carry the crew. 

Stern-wheel towboats engaged exclusively in the business of tow- 
ing shall not be required to carry lifeboats, but shall be required to 
carry such boats only as, in the judgment of the local inspectors, will, 
by their number, capacity, character, and equipment, fully provide 
for the safety of the crew of the vessel. 

MOTOR-DRIVEN LIFEBOATS ON STEAMERS. 

One motor-propelled lifeboat may be allowed as a part of the 
equipment of steam vessels under the jurisdiction of this service, 
except that on steamers carrying more than 6 lifeboats under davits, 
2 of such lifeboats may be equipped with motors. 

Gasoline may be used for such motors when it is carried only in 
substantial copper tanks securely and firmly fitted in such lifeboats 
and located where the greatest safety will be secured. 

All fittings, pipes, and connections shall be of the highest standard 
and best workmanship and in accordance with the best modern 
practice. Storage of gasoline other than in the lifeboats using it 
shall not be allowed under any circumstances. 

In computing the cubical capacity of motor-driven lifeboats, the 
space required for the engine, boiler, motor, and fuel shall be excluded. 

WOODEN SURFBOAT OR SEINE BOAT. 

Vessels engaged exclusively in the business of seine fishing or 
v/recking may substitute a wooden surfboat or wooden seine boat for 
the lifeboat as described by the first two sections of this rule ; capacity 
to be determined by the Rules and Regulations of the Board of Super- 
vising Inspectors. 

BOATS REQUIRED ON VESSELS OP LESS THAN 50 GROSS TONS NOT CARRYING 

PASSENGERS. 

All vessels of less than 50 gross tons navigating under the provisions 
of Title LII, Revised Statutes of the United vStates, not carrying 
passengers, shall be equipped with lifeboats or life rafts of sufficient 
capacity to accommodate at one time all persons on board. 



4 



75 (III, 6) 

LIFEBOATS AND RAFTS REQUIRED ON INSPECTED MOTOR BOATS. 

On and after July 1, 1913, all vessels propelled by machinery, 
other than steam, subject to the inspection laws of the United States 
and carrying passengers, shall be required to have the same lifeboat 
and life-raft equipment as steamers of the same class, and local 
inspectors shall so indicate in the certificate of mspection. This 
paragraph shall not apply to such vessels imder 50 tons, when navi- 
gating in daylight only, and when equipped with air tanks under 
deck of sufficient capacity to sustain afloat the vessel when full of 
water with her full complement of passengers on board, or when 
properly subdivided by iron or steel water-tight bulkheads of sufficient 
strength and so arranged and located that the vessel will remain 
afloat with her complement of passengers with any t^vo compartrnxcnts 
open to the sea: Provided, liowever, That no such vessel shall be 
navi2:ated without having on board lifeboat capacity of at least 100 
cubic feet. (Sees. 4426, 4481, 4488, K. S.) 

LIFEBOATS AND OTHER EQUIPMENT REQUIRED ON SAIL VESSELS. 

7. Local inspectors inspecting sail vessels carrying passengers on 
the ocean or on the high seas, under the provisions of section 4417, 
Revised Statutes, as am^ended b}" the act of Congress approved March 
3, 1905, shall require such sail vessels to be equipped v/itli a life pre- 
server for every person on board, passengers and crew, and with life- 
boats, in accordance mth the requirements of the rule applying to 
ocean steamers carrying passengers. (Sec. 4417, R. S.) 

WHERE LIFEBOATS AND LIFE RAFTS ARE NOT REQUIRED. 

8. Vessels navigatmg v/aters where the average depth of the chan- 
nel does not exceed 3 feet shall not be required to be equipped with 
lifeboats or life rafts. (Sec. 4481, 4488, R. S.) 

LIFE RAFTS. 

DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, NAME PLATE, AND HOW MARKED. 

9. All Hfe rafts shall be substantially constructed in accordance 
with drawings, or blue prints, and specifications approved by the 
supervismg inspector of the district in v»^hich the life rafts are built. 

builders of life rafts shall furnish the supervismg mspector of the 
district in which the life rafts are built drawings, or blue prints, and 
specifications, show^ing and explainmg the construction or same, and 
showing the tensile strength and ductility of the metal used. The 
metal used shall have a tensile strength of not less than 40,000 
pounds per scpiare inch, and an elongation, in a length of 4 inches, of at 
least 20 per cent when the thickness of the metal is of, or greater than, 
No. 16 B. W. G., and 15 per cent when the thickness of the metal is^ 
less than Xo. 16 B.W.G. 

There shall be stenciled in a conspicuous place on each hfe raft 
now in use the number of persons said life raft can carry, as herein- 
after provided. 

INSPECTION OF LIFE RAFTS WHEN BUILT. 

Supervising inspectors of districts where life rafts are built shall 
detail an assistant or local inspector to any place where hfe rafts 
are bemg built; whose duty it shall be to carefully inspect and exam- 



(in, 9) ^^^" 76 

ine the construction of such life rafts, and he shall satisfy himself 
that such life raits are constructed in accordance with the drawings, 
or blue prints, and specifications furnished by the builders. When 
the assistant or local inspector approves the construction of the raft, 
he shall stamp his initials, together with the letters U. S. I., on a 
blank space on the plate required to be affixed to the raft by the 
builder. The initials of the assistant or local inspector shall be satis- 
factory evidence to all parties interested that the raft has been 
constructed in accordance with the drawings, or blue prints, and 
specifications on file. 

This section shall applv to all life rafts constructed after June 30, 
1912. (Sec. 4405, 4488, fe. S.) 

CONSTRUCTION. 

10. All metal life-raft cylinders of more than 15 feet in length or of 
more than 16 inches in diameter shall be constructed of metal not less 
than No. 18 Bu-mingham whe gauge. No life-raft cylinders shall be 
of less thickness of metal than No. 20 Birmingham wu*e gauge. 

The retaining bands which secure the cylinders to the frames shall 
be made in halves so that the cylinders may be detached without 
difficulty and without disassembling the body of the raft, for the pur- 
pose of inspection, cleaning, and painting, as required by this section. 
Wooden guards and gunwales shaU be secured to the retaining bands 
by angle-iron clips, or by the jaws of the retaining bands. Iron rods 
extending across the raft at top and bottom shall pass through the 
gunv/ale and its securing clips, or jaws, at each end of the raft. The 
ends of the rods shall be properly secured with a screw nut inside and 
outside of the gunwale. 

All such cylinders shall be divided by water-tight bulkheads into 
not less than 3 compartments of equal lengths. Cylinders over 9 feet 
in length shall be divided mto equal lengths by water-tight bulk- 
heads, into not less than 1 compartment for every 3 feet of its length. 
One of such bulkheads shall be at the extreme end of each cylinder 
or as near thereto as the flange of cone or bumped ends will permit. 
Each compartment shall be provided with a suitable air-pump con- 
nection of one-half inch outside diameter, fitted with air-tight cap. 

The inspection of a metallic cylindrical life raft shall include the 
testing of each compartment by air pressure. 

Only countersunk-headed rivets shall be used in the construction 
of metallic life rafts. 

All seams and joints shall be properly double riveted. 

The above provisions of this section shall take effect only as to life 
rafts constructed after December 31, 1908. 

The circumferential as well as the longiludmal seams of life-raft 
C3^Unders shall be riveted, and on rafts constructed after June 30, 
1905, shall also be soldered. Such longitudinal seams shall be 
secured by not less than 12 rivets to each foot, circumferential seams 
by not less than 10 rivets to each foot, and bulkheads by not less 
than 8 rivets to each foot. Bulkhead flanges may be single riveted. 
The diameter of shank of rivets shall be not less than No. 10 B. W. G. 

The framework connecting the cylinders of metallic life rafts shall 
be substantially built and capable of resisting the strain which tends 
to break the cylinders apart when the raft is broadside on in surf 
or seaway. 



77 (III) 

Life rafts shall be stripped, cleaned, painted, and thoroughly over- 
hauled at least once in every year. (Sees. 4405, 4488, R. S.) 

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED ON LIFE RAFTS. 

11. All life rafts shall be equipped with a life line running entirely 
around the sides and ends of the raft festooned to the gunwales with 
a seine float hi each bight, the bights to be not longer than 3 feet; 1 
pamter, of 2f-inch (about .9 inch diameter) manila rope of a suitable 
length. 

Rafts for 6 persons or less shall be equipped with 2 oars, 2 paddles, 
3 rowlocks, and 1 boat hook; rafts for 7 to 10 persons, 4 oars, 2 
paddles, 4 rowlocks, and 1 boat hook; rafts for over 10 persons, 4 
oars, 2 paddles, 4 rowlocks, 1 steering oar with rowlock or becket, 
and 1 boat hook. 

The oars mentioned in this section shall be of a suitable size and 
the paddles of not less than 5 feet in length, the blade of each pad- 
dle to be of not less area than one-half that of the blade of one of 
the oars of such raft. 

All the equipment mentioned in this section shall be kept in good 
condition for nnmediate use, and the rowlocks shall be attached to 
the raft mth chain. (Sees. 4405, 4488, R. S.) 

CAPACITY AND ALLOWANCE OF ENGELHARDT COLLAPSIBLE LIFEBOATS, CARLEY LIFE 
FLOATS, AND METALLIC LIFE RAFTS. 

Engelhardt collapsible lifeboats. 

12. EngeUiardt collapsible lifeboats may be carried as lifeboats 
or life rafts, but not more than 50 per cent of the actual lifeboat 
capacit}" requked, exclusive of Hfe-raft capacity, may be substi- 
tuted by EngeUiardt collapsible Ufeboats. 

When the Engelliardt collapsible lifeboat is allowed as a lifeboat, 
it shall be carried under the davits, with sides of boat fully extended, 
and only one Engelhardt collapsible lifeboat shall be allowed to be 
carried under one set of davits, except that one nest of two Engel- 
hardt collapsible lifeboats shall be allowed to be carried under one 
set of davits on each side of steam vessels of 2,500 to and including 
5,000 gross tons, and one nest of three EngeUiardt coUapsible life- 
boats shaU be allowed to be carried under one set of davits on each 
side of steam vessels of over 5,000 gross tons, and when so nested 
the sides may be collapsed. 

EngeUiardt collapsible Ufeboats, whether carried as Ufeboats or 
as life rafts, shall be fully equipped as lifeboats as required by these 
rules and regulations. 

The cubical capacity of EngeUiardt collapsible lifeboats shall be 
determined in accordance with the foUomng rule: 

Measure, in feet and fractions of a foot, the length and breadth 
outside of canvas extension, and the depth inside at the place of 
minimum depth taken from the inside of the bottom planking of the 
bottom to tlie top of gunwale when extended. The product of 
these dimensions multiplied by .7 shall be deemed the capacity in 
cubic feet. 



(in, 12) 



78 

Carley life float 



No. of 

float. 



Size of float. 



8 by 4 feet 

8 by 5 feet 

10 by 6 feet 

12 by 8 feet 

3 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 

3 feet 9 inches by 6 feet 6 inches 

4 by 7 feet 

4 feet 6 inches by 7 feet 6 inches 

4 feet 6 inches by 8 feet 6 inches 

5 by 8 feet 

do 

5 by 9 feet 

5 by 10 feet 

6 by 10 feet 

6 feet 6 inches by 10 feet 6 inches 

7 by 12 feet 

8 by 12 feet 

9 by 14 feet 

5 b V 8 fee t 

5 by 10 feet 



Diam- 
eter of 
tube. 



Inches. 
14i 
16i 
17-i- 
20i 
12 
13 
14 
14 
14 
14 
15 
15 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
14§ 
15i- 



Minimum 
number of 
compart- 
ments. 



Number of 
persons 

carried and 
allowed. 



Tlie use of the Carley life float on ocean or coastwise vessels carry- 
ing passengers is prohibited from December 31, 1913. 







ClarJc life rafts. 






Length 


Width out- 
side of 
guards. 


Number of 


Diameter of 


Length of 


Number of 
persons 


over all. 


cylinders. 


cylinders. 


cylinders. 


carried and 
allowed. 


Ft in. 


Ft. in. 




Inches. 


Indies. 




4 10 


3 9 


6 


12 


24 


4 


6 51 


3 6 


9 


11^ 


22 


4 


7 8 


4 2 


9 


11^ 


27 


5 


5 11 


5 2 


3 


15 


64 


6 


6 7 


4 5 


12 


lU 


23 


6 


7 


5 5 


12 


Hi 


25 


6 


7 3 


3 9 


9 


12 


24 


6 


7 


4 111 


12 


13 


23J 


8 


7 3 


4 10 


12 


12 


24 


8 


9 6 


4 9^- 


16 


12 


25 


8 


9 


4 11^ 


16 


13 


24^ 


10 


9 2 


5 2 


6 


15 


49- 


10 


9 4 


5 lOi 


16 


13 


23 


10 


11 91 


5 m 


25 


12 


24 


12 


11 4 


5 3 


15 


16 


24 


15 


13 1 


5 6 


6 


15 


72 


15 


11 4 


7 


20 


16 


24 


20 


12 n 


9 10 


25 


10 


24 


25 


13 7 


9 10 


30 


16 


23V 


30 


16 2^ 


9 10 


35 


16 


24 


35 





Barstoiv 


life rafts. 










Number of 


length of 


Width of 


Depth of 


persons 


tank. 


tank. 


tank. 


carried and 








allowed. 


Feet. 


Feet. 


Inches. 




5 


3 


12 


8 


6 






12 


8 






16 


10 






24 


12 






25 


12 


5 




28 


14 


5 




36 


14 


G 




36 



n 



79 (III, 12) 

The use of the Barstow life raft is prohibited on vessels on any 
waters after December 31, 1913. 

Catamaran metallic cylinder life rafts. 

Catamaran metallic cylinder life rafts of approved construction 
shall be allowed for each person allowed to be carried a rating of 4 J 
cubic feet of ak space for steamers navigating ocean and coastwise 
waters and a rating of 3 cubic feet of air space for steamers navigat- 
ing the waters of lakes, bays, sounds, and rivei's. (Sec. 4488, R. S.) 

Lundin decked lifeboats. 

13. Lundm decked lifeboats shall be rated and accepted as life- 
boats under davits, and may be placed in nests of two under a single 
pair of davits. They shall be fully equipped as lifeboats as required 
by these rules and regulations, and shall be measured in accordance 
with the followmg formula: 

Cubical capacity = L X B X D x .9 cubic feet. 

Where L = length over all, in feet. 

B = width over fenders, in feet. 

D = depth from top of keel to top of gunv/ale, in feet. 

EXAMPLE. 

28 feet X 9.5 feet X 2.5 feet X .9 = 598.5 cubic feet = 60 persons. 

Provided, (1) That when the Lundm lifeboat is loaded to its full 
capacity, the w^ater-tight deck shall be not less than 2 mches above 
the load-water Ime, and shall have an excess buoyancy in air space 
and fenders of not less than 25 per cent of the combined weight of 
boat and load; (2) not less than 10 per cent of the total buoyancy 
shall be in fenders of buoyant material firmly secured to the outside 
of the boat. 

Brude lifeboat. 

Lifeboat of ^this type, 14 feet m length, 6 feet 9 inches in height, 
and 6 feet 9 inches m width shall be allowed to carry 12 persons. 
The number of persons allowed to be carried by boats of this tjrpe 
of other dimensions shall be determined, after an actual demonstra- 
tion, by the supervising inspector of the district m wiiich the boat 
is accepted. (Sec. 4488, R. S.) 

CAPACITY OF METAL, 8C0W-SHAPED LIFEBOATS. 

Metal lifeboats when built in accordance with the requirements 
for construction of metallic lifeboats for river steamers hi Rule III, 
of scow shape wdth the ends at least nine-tenths of the width of the 
boat at its widest part and sides and ends of even height, to be used 
on steamers navigathig rivers only, shall be measured in accordance 
with the following rule: Measure the length and breadth outside of 
the plates and the depth uiside at the center. The product of these 



(Ill, 13) 80 

dimensions multiplied by .9 resulting in the nearest whole number 
shall be deemed the capacity in cubic feet. (Sec. 4488, R. S.) 

LIFE PRESERVERS. 

14. Every vessel inspected under the provisions of Title LII, 
Revised Statutes of the United States, shall be provided with one 
good life preserver, having the approval of the Board of Supervising 
Inspectors, for each and every person carried. 

Every life preserver adjustable to the body of a person shall be 
made of good cork blocks or other suitable material approved by the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors, with belts and shoulder straps prop- 
erly attached, and shall be so constructed as to place the device under- 
neath the shoulders and around the body of the person wearmg it. 
All such life preservers shall be not less than 52 inches in length when 
measured laid flat; and every cork life preserver shall contain an 
aggregate weight of at least 5^ pounds of good cork, and every life 
preserver shall be capable of sustainmg for a continuous period of 
24 hours an attached weight so arranged that whether the said weight 
be submerged or not there shall be a direct downward gravitation 
pull upon said life preserver of at least 20 pounds. 

All life preservers shall be covered with material of sufficient weight 
and strength to fully protect the contents, such material to be of a 
strength equivalent to unbleached cotton twill not less than 6 ounces 
in weight to a section of 30 by 36 inches. Such covering on each life 
preserver shall be of one piece only, and the outside longitudinal edges 
of the covering at the seam must be turned to a roll and closely rope- 
stitched. Each life preserver shall have two shoulder straps of heavy 
double-woven cotton tape IJ inches in width. Each strap shall be 
made of one piece only, and such strap shall be not less than 23 inches 
net in length, and shall be securely attached to the covering of the 
life preserver by not less than four rows of stitching and at not less 
than two places for each strap, the rear ends of the straps to be sewed 
on not less than 3 nor more than 5 inches from the center of the upper 
edge of the jacket, measured to the center of the straps. The said 
shoulder straps shall be securely attached to each other by not less 
than four rows of stitching at the point where they cross each other on 
the back, the forward ends to be sewed on the jacket in such a position 
as to allow it to be opened out to its full length without straining the 
cross seizing. There shall also be on each life preserver a breast or 
button strap of heavy double- woven cotton tape 1 inch wide and 12 
inches long, one end of whicli shall be securely fastened to one shoulder 
strap by four rows of stitcliing at a point 4 inches above the jacket, 
and the otlier end of such breast strap shall be doubled back 2 inches 
and a buttonhole worked through both parts. A button of noncor- 
rosive material shall be securely sewed on the other shoulder strap 4 
inches above the jacket. There shall also be on each life preserver a 
belt of heavy double- woven cotton tape IJ inches wide, extending 
along the middle line on the outside of the jacket, securely sewed to 
the covering of the life preserver at not less than six places, the end 
blocks being left free, and the ends of the belt to extend 12 inches 
beyond the ends of the jacket. All thread used in the construction 
of life preservers shall be linen of a size and strength not less than 
Barbour's three-cord No. 25 machine thread. All seams and other 



81 (III, 14) 

machine sewing on life prcsorvei*s shall be with a short lock stitch, 
not less than 8 stitches to the inch. 

Blocks of compressed cork when used in life prcservei-s shall weigli 
in the aggregate not less than 6 pounds to each life preserver, and 
shall be so constructed that said blocks will sustain, Avithout disin- 
tegration or substantial expansion, a submersion test satisfactory to 
the inspector examining the same, and that at the expiration of such 
test shall have the buoyancy above required. Where the blocks of 
life preservers are made up of separate pieces of cork, said pieces 
shall be fastened \^'ith noncorrosive materials. 

After the approval of this rule no life preserver shall be passed at 
the factory inspection which does not fulfill the foregoing requirements, 
but life preservers now in use or already passed at factory inspection 
may be used on board vessels, provided they are constructed in accord- 
ance with the laws and regulations in force up to the date of approval 
of this section, and are in good and serviceable condition: Provided, 
however, That nothing in this section shall be construed so as to allow 
the use after May 1, 1905, of life preservers made of kapok or loose 
granulated cork: Provided, That all block-cork life preservers now in 
use that have been approved by this board shall be passed by the 
local- inspector when they are not less than 48 inches in length and 
have the other necessary requirements. Inspectoi's are further 
required to direct such life preservers to be distributed through- 
out the cabins, staterooms, berths, and other places convenient for 
passengers on such steamers; and there shall be a printed notice 
posted in every cabin and stateroom and in conspicuous places about 
the decks, informing passengei's of the location of life preservers and 
other life-saving appliances, and of the mode of applying or adjusting 
the same. Life preservers on passenger, excursion, and ferry steam- 
ers when stowed overhead shall be so supported that they can be 
quickly released and distributed among the passengere, and the 
inspector shall satisfy himself as to the efSciency of the means used 
for such purpose by actual experiment. And when such life pre- 
servers are stowed overhead at a height greater than 7 feet from the 
deck below, efficient means shall be provided for such immediate 
release and distribution, to be operated by persons standing on the 
deck below. 

The supervising inspector of the district shall detail a local or 
assistant uispector to any place where life preservers are manufac- 
tured, whose duty it shall be to test and examine all life preservers 
manufactured at that place and satisfy himself that sucn life pre- 
servers are in accordance with the requirements of the Board of Super- 
vising Inspectors. When found to be in accordance with the requii'e- 
ments, the inspector shall stamp them with a stamp bearing the 
initials of his name and the date of examination, and certifying that 
they have been examined and passed. Wlien life preservers are so 
stamped it shall be prima facie evidence that they comply with tlie 
requkements of law and regulations as to their original construction, 
and they may thereafter be accepted by inspectors in their discretion, 
as being in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Board of 
Supervising Inspectors. (Sec. 4488, R. S.) 
85797°— 13 6 



(Ill) 82 

USE OF LOOSE GRANULATED COHK LIFE PRESERVERS AND LIFE RAFTS AND KAPOK 
LIFE PRESERVERS PROPIIBITED. 

15. All life rafts and life preservers made in whole or in part of 
loose granulated cork shall be excluded from use on all Yesseis. 

All kapok life preservers heretofore approved by this board shall 
be excluded from use on all vessels. 

Provided, That this section shall take effect on and after May 1, 1905. 
(Sec. 4488, E. S.) 

WOODEN LIFE FLOATS. 

16. Vessels navigating rivers and carrying passengers shall be 
allowed to use wooden floats, when made as approved by the Board 
of Supervising Inspectors, one for each deck or steerage passenger. 

Yfhen wooden life floats are used in accordance with the above 
paragraph, their dimxcnsions shall be not less than 4 feet in length, 
14 inches in breadth, and 2 inches in thickness. The floats shall be 
made of well-seasoned white pine or of any other wood not exceeding 
white pine in Vv^eight per cubic foot. (Sees. 4481, 4482, K. S.) 

RING BUOYS. 

17. Whenever they deem it necessary for the safety of passengers 
or crew, inspectors may requii^e a vessel to carry not to exceed four 
ring buoys, either v/ith or without attached lines. It is recommended 
that ring buoys hung on a steamer's gangways have the line attached 
to both the vessel and the buoy, and that those hung on the super- 
structure have no line and be as light as is possible vdtli the necessary 
buoyancy. (Sec. 4488, R. S.) 

LINE-CARRTING GUXS, ROCKETS, AND PROJECTILES. 

18. All ocean steam pleasure vessels and ocean steam vessels car- 
rying passengers, except vessels of 150 gross tons and under, shall be 
provided with at least three iine-carr3drig projectiles and the means of 
propelling them, such as may have received the formal approval of the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors. 

All cast-bronze guns oi the Lyle type, approved by the Board of 
Supervising Inspectors, January, 1890, for use on board of steam 
vessels as a means of propelling line-carrying projectiles, shall be 
composed of an alloy Vviiich shall have a tensile strength of not less 
than 52,000 pounds per square inch of section and a ductility of not 
less than 26 per cent, as shown by reduction of area. 

All Hunt's line-carr3dng guns]^ large; Hunt's line-carrying guns, 
small; Hunt guns No. 2, and Lyle line-carrying guns shall be tested 
in the presence of an inspector or assistant inspector by firing the 
same three rounds. One round, at least, shall carry the regular 
service projectile, with a service line attached, in a still atmosphere, 
a distance of at least 1,400 feet. The other two rounds shall be fired 
with the same charge of powder, and the projectile shall have the 
same weight as the service projectile, but no hue need be attached. 



83 (III, 18) 

Pi'ovided, That when the Hunt ime-carrying gun, small, is tested, 
the distance the projectile shall carry the line need not exceed 800 
feet. 

At least one sample of the material shall be taken from the casting 
of each gun, and shall be not less than 7 inches in length, 2 inches in 
width, f inch in thickness, and have a section .5 by .75 mch over a 
length of 2 inches, according to tlie following diagram: 



2 inches. }- ■{ 2 inches. \- \ 2 inches. 



._ 7 iochss. „. 



AH samples shall be furnished to the supervising inspector of the 
district for testing and shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the 
manufacturer that such samples were taken from guns, each of which 
shall be distinctly marked; so as to be readily identified by the 
ins]:)Cctors. 

Ever}' steel gun whose make has been approved by the Board of 
Supervising Inspectoi^ shall be tested in the presence of an inspector 
by being fired three rounds the same as provided for guns of the Ljde 
and Hunt type. 

If the luie Is carried without breaking or foulmg, no subsequent 
firing is necessary, but should the first round be unsatisfactory for 
any reason the inspector shaU require as many subsequent rounds 
nred as shall be necessar}" to assure him of the efficiency of the appa- 
ratus, before he marks the gun, carriage, and fakmg box or tub, with 
his mitials. 

Before any such steel gun shall be inspected the manufacturer shall 
furnish the supervising mspector of the district a sample of its miate- 
rial, and such coupon shall be of the following dimensions: Seven 
inches in length and approxunately 1 h mches v/ide and 1 mch thick, 
and a section 2 J inches in the center turned down to one-half inch 
in diameter, said coupon to be accompanied by the same form of 
affidavit as rcquu'ed for bronze guns. The test of such coupons shall 
shov>' a tensile strength of at least 65,000 pounds to the square inch 
of section, and an elongation of not less than 20 per cent m a length 
of 2\ inches. (Sec. 4488, R. S.) 

19. When approved rockets are used instead of guns, there shall be, 
in every case, at least three of said rockets; and aU steamers that are 
requued under the law to carry hne-carr^mig projectiles and the means 
of propelling them shall be supplied auxiliary thereto witli at least 
800 feet of 3-mch manila line for vessels of lob to 500 gross tons and 
i,500 feet of said line for steamers above 500 gross tons, such auxiliary 
fine to be kept always ready for use in connection with the gun and 
rocket, and which lines shall not be used for any other purpose. (Sec. 
4488, R. S.) 

20. The test rounds required by section 17 shall be fired from the 
gun when mounted on its own carriage, lashed as it v/ould be in ship- 
board use. The line shall be coiled, faked or reeled in its own faldng 
box or reel; and gun, carriage, and line box, or reel, shall all bear the 



(111,20) 84 

same number, and shall be initialed by the inspector, whose report, 
giving number, date, and result, shall be filecf in the office of the 
supervising inspector of the district in which the test is made. 

Service projectile lines hereafter approved shall be similar in size 
to that used by the United States Life-Saving Service, of not less than 
1,600 feet in length, and capable of withstanding a breakuig strain of 
500 pounds, and the projectile end shall be so protected that line will 
not burn when fired. 

The projectiles requked to be furnished with each gun shall weigh 
not less than 18 pounds, turned and finished with a windage of not 
more than one sixty-fourth of an inch, and shall be initialed by the 
mspector and given the same number as that given the gun. 

The lines when accepted by the inspector when examining the 
same for his approval, and initials as provided for m this section, 
shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the manufacturer, to be filed 
in the office of the supervising inspector of the district in which the 
test is made, that the breaking strain is fully up to the requirements 
of this section. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

21. The supervising inspector shall furnish the manufacturer of 
any Lyle or Hunt line-carrying guns a copy of the report on each gun 
tested and inspected, as provided in sections 18 and 20. (Sec. 4405, 
R. S.) 

DRILL REQUIRED WITH LINE-CARRYING GUN. 

22. The master of every vessel equipped with a line-carrying gun 
shall drill his crew in the use thereof and fire said gun at least once in 
every three months, using one-half the usual charge of powder and 
smy ordinary line of proper length. 

It shall be the duty of the inspectors, at the annual inspection, to 
see that these drills are entered on the log of the vessels. 

A placard containing instructions for usmg the gun and rocket 
apparatus required by the foregoing section and as practiced by the 
United States Life-Saving Service shall be posted in the pilot house, 
engine-room, and in the seamen's, firemen's, and steward's department 
of every steam vessel required by law to carry such gun or rocket 
apparatus. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

EXTKA STEERING APPARATUS, LADDERS, STAIRWAYS. 

23. Extra steering apparatus, consisting of relieving tackles or 
tiller, shall be provided for all steamers: Provided, Jiowever, That 
where a steamer is equipped with auxiliary hand-steering gear 
attached to rudder entirely independent of the regular steermg gear, 
same may be used in lieu of the relieving tackles or tiller required. 

Every steamer or barge carrying passengers shall be provided with 
suitable ladders, where practicable for use, to enable passengers to 
descend conveniently to the lifeboats, such ladders to be placed near 
each side of the vessel. 

Every steam vessel shall be provided with sufficient means of escape 
from the lower to the upper deck, or vice versa, and every steamer of 
50 tons or over carrying passengers shall be provided with permanent 
stairways forward and aft, except where said stairways on towing 
boats would interfere with towmg bitts. (Sees. 4405, 4480, 4484, 
R. S.) 



I 



85 (III) 

BULKHEADS. 

24. Every seagoing steam vessel, and every steam vessel navigating 
the gi'eat northern and northwestern lakes, constructed after July 1, 
1912, carrying passengers, shall have a water-tight collision bulk- 
head. In vessels not over 200 feet in length, this bulkhead shall be 
located about one-tenth the vessel's length from stem. In vessels 
over 200 and not over 350 feet in length the collision bulkhead shall 
be located about one-twelfth the vessel's length abaft the stem. In 
vessels over 350 and not over 500 feet in length it shall be located 
about one-fifteenth the vessel's length abaft the stem, and in vessels 
over 500 feet in length, about one-sixteenth the vessel's length 
abaft the stem. Such vessels shall also have one water-tight bulk- 
head forward of and one abaft the engine and boilers, and, in addition 
thereto, shall have such other water-tight bulkheads as may be neces- 
sary to provide that there shall be no space between the bulkheads to 
exceed ni length one-fifth the length of the vessel: Provided, however, 
That in no case shall the distance between the bulkheads be greater 
than 80 feet. 

Screw steamers shall, in addition to the above-named bulkheads, 
have located at a suitable distance forward from sternpost a water- 
tight bulkhead to protect vessel from disaster in case of fracture of 
stern pipe. 

Sailing vessels over 700 tons carrying passengers for hire shall 
have a vvater-tight collision bulkhead. Such collision bulkhead 
shall be placed not less than 5 feet from the stem of the vessel. 

Wooden steamers carrying passengers whose cargo is restricted 
to lumber exclusively shall only be required to have a water-tight 
collision bulkhead as described in the first paragraph of section 24; 
also one water-tight bulkhead forward of and one abaft the engines 
and boilers. 

All such bulkheads shall be of iron or steel plates not less than 
i inch thick and shall be securely fastened to suitable framework, 
wliich framework shall be properly and securely attached to the 
hull. Such bulkheads shall be strengthened by vertical bars of not 
less than 34 by 3J inch angle iron, spaced not more than 30 inches 
from center to center, and all steamers that are more than 10 feet 
deep in any hold shall have horizontal angle irons of not less than 
3 by 3 inches on the reverse side, spaced not more than 4 feet from 
center to center, in addition to the vertical angle irons. 

Provided, That when any bulkheads are constructed of equal 
strength to the above-described bulkheads, they shall be allowed 
by the local inspectors. 

All bulkheads shall reach to the main deck in single-decked vessels, 
otherwise to the deck next below the main deck, but in every case 
they shall reach to the deck next above the deep load line. (Sec. 
4490, R. S.) 1 

1 Sec. 3. That steam vessels of one hundred tons burden or under engaged in the coastwise bays and 
harbors oi the United States may be licensed by the United States local inspectors of steam vessels to carry 
passengers or excursions on the ocean or upon the Great Lakes of the North or Northwest, not exceeding 
fifteen miles from the mouth of such bays or harbors, without being required to have the three water-tight 
cross bulkheads provided by section forty-four hundred and ninety of the Revised Statutes for other pas- 
senger steamers: Provided, That in the judgment of the local inspectors such steamers shall be safe and 
suitable for such navigation without danger to human life, and that they shall have one water-tight coUisicn 
bulkhead not less than five feet abaft the stem of said steamer. (Act approved July 9, 1886.) 



(Ill) 



86 



25. On all steamers where the plans and arrangements will pos- 
sibly permit; all inclosures where passengers or crev/s may be (quar- 
tered, or where anyone may be employed, shall be provided with not 
less than two avenues of escape so located that if one of such avenues 
is not available another may be. The locality and arrangement of 
such additional means of escape shall be determined by the steamboat 
inspectors and the steamboat managers, as will in their judgment best ' 
carry out the purposes for which this provision was made. (Sec. 4417, 
R. S.) 

steamer's name on equipments. 

26. All the equipments of a steamer, such as buckets, hose, axes, 
boats, oars, rafts, life preservers, floats, barrels, and tanks, shall be 
painted or branded with the name of the steamier upon which they 
are used. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

Rule IV. — Fire Apparatus. 

Section. 

Automobiles transported on passenger steamers 13 

Axes for passenger steamers navigating rivers only 1 

Axes for other than passenger steamers navigating rivers only 2 

Axes for steamers navigating oceans, lakes, bays, and sounds 3 

Axes, where located and how kept j 4 

BaiTels for passenger steamers navigating rivers only 1 

Ban^els for other than passenger steamers navigating rivers only 2 

Bilge pipes required * " 14 

Buckets for passenger steamers navigating rivers only 1 

Buckets for other than passenger steamers navigating rivers only. 2 

Buckets for steamers navigating oceans, lakes, bays, and sounds 3 

Cotton baled, how bound and covered 1 5 

Hemp, baled, how bound and covei-ed 5 

Hose^ fire, when may be uncoupled 14 

Fire extinguishers, chemical, regulations regarding 16 

Lamps, glass, how fitted 7 

Pipes for conducting water from fire pumps, how constructed 15 

Pipes for carrying steam into hold, how constructed 7 

Pipes leading from pumps, diameter of 10 

Pumps or equivalents for certain steamers 8 

Pumps must be of certain capacity 9 

Pum_ps, rotary, allowed under certain conditions 11 

Pumps for testing boilers 12 

Pumps, wliat constitutes an equivalent for certain steamers 13 

Pumps, steam fire, how equipped 14 

Sounding pipe required. '. 14 

Spark arresters for certain western steamers 6 

Tarpaulin, certain articles to be covered with 5 

Water, provisions for keeping, for fire 3 

1. All steamers navigating rivers only, carrying passengers, are 
required to be provided with fire buckets, barrels, and axes, as follows : 



Gross tons. 


Barrels. 


Buckets. 


Axes. 


All steamers not over 10 tons 




2 

4 

6 

8 

18 

24 

35 

50 


1 


All steamers over 10 tons and not over 25 tons 




1 


All steamers over 25 tons and not over 50 tons . 


1 
1 
2 
4 
6 
8 


2 


All steamers over 50 tons and not over 100 tons 




All steamers over 100 tons and not over 200 tons 


4 


All steamers over 200 tons and not over 500 tons 


6 


All steamers over 500 tons and not over 1 000 tons 


8 


All steamers over 1 ,000 tons ' 


10 







87 



(IV, 1) 



Provided, That all steamers navigating rivers only, that are con- 
structed wholly of iron or steel plates and. whose deck houses or super- 
structure is constructed wholly of iron or steel plates, carrying pas- 
sengers, shall not be required to carrv anv water barrels or tanks, as 
required bv the precedmg table. (Sees. 4426, 4483, R. S.) 



2. Foj 



freight and towing steamers navigating rivers only: 



Gross tons. Barrels. 


Buckets. 


Axes. 


All steamers cot over 10 tons 




2 
4 
6 
8 
12 
15 
20 


1 


All steamers over 10 tons and not over 25 tons 




1 


All steamers over 25 tons and not over 50 tons 


1 
1 

I 


2 


All steamers over 50 tons and not over 100 tons 


2 


-Vll steamers over 100 tons and not over 200 tons . 


2 


All steamers over 200 tons and not over 500 tons 


3 


AH steamers over 500 tons and not over 1,000 tons 


4 


AH steamers over 1 000 tons 


5 


Provided, however. That tanks of suitable dimensions and arrangements, 
or buckets in sirfficient number, may be substituted for barrels on aH ves- 
sels. Five buckets shall be considered as equivalent to one barrel. 





Provided, That all freight and tovdng steamers navigating rivers 
only, that are constructed v/holly of iron or steel plates and whose 
deck houses are constructed of kon or steel plates, shall not be required 
to carrv anv water barrels or tanlvs, as required bv the preceding table. 
(Sec. 4426,^R. S.) ^ ' 

3. Ail steamers navigating oceans, lakes, bays, and sounds are 
required to be provided with fire buckets and axes, as follovvs: 



Gross tons. 


j Buckets. 

i 


Axe^. 


AI 1 .^tpr.mers not over 10 tons 


! 


1 


All steamers over 10 tons and not over 50 tA)n3 


4 


1 




8 


2 


All steamers over ^oo tons and not over 500 tons . . 


16 


4 




! 20 


6 


All steamers over 1 000 tons 


I 9?; 


8 







Not more than six of the buckets required by this table shall be car- 
ried on the upper or boat deck. 

Fire buckets, barrels, or tanks shall, when practicable, be con- 
stantly filled with water, and in such positions on board as shall be 
most convenient for extinguishment of fn-e. (Sees. 4426, 4483, R. S.) 

4. All axes shall be located so as to be readily found in time of need, 
shall not be used for general purposes, and shall be kept in good con- 
dition. (Sees. 4426, 4483, E. S.) 

5. All hay, straw, or other inflammable material earned on the 
open deck of any steamer carrying passengers shall be covered with 
a tarpaulin. 

All baled cotton shall be securely bound and covered v.ith bagging 
on at least three-fourths of its surface, includmg both ends of the 
bale. No bales of imported or domestic hemp shall be received on 
any vessel carrying passengers unless the same are properly com- 
pressed, bound with rope, wu*e, or metallic bands, and covered on 
ends or sides, according to the several methods now practiced in 
foreign and domestic trade. (Sec. 4472, R. S.) 



(IV) 88 

6. All steamers on western rivers having their boilers situated so 
that the sparks from the fires may be driven back among combus- 
tible materials shall have a sheet-iron fender extending forward from 
the fire doors not less than 2 feet, at the height of the furnace fronts, 
and connecting with the same. (Sec. 4470, K. S.) 

7. The main pipes and their branches, on steamers carrying pas- 
sengers or freight, to convey steam from the boilers to the hold and 
separate compartments of the same, shall be not less than IJ inches 
in diameter, except on steam^ers employed on western rivers, con- 
structed prior to June 30, 1905, which steamers m.ay use branch pipes 
not less than three-fourths of an inch in diameter. Steam pipes of 
not less than three-fourths of an inch in diameter shall be led to all 
lamp lockers, oil rooms, and like compartments, which lamp lockers, 
oil rooms, and compartments, in all classes of vessels, shall be wholly 
and tightly lined with metal. All branch pipes leading into the sev- 
eral compartments of the hold of the vessel shall be supplied with 
valves, the handles distinctly marked to indicate the compartment or 
parts of the vessel to which they lead. 

These valves or their handles shall be placed in the most accessible 
part of the main deck of the vessel and so arranged that ail can be 
inclosed in a box or casing, the door of which shall be plainly marked 
with the words '^ Steam fire apparatus."^ 

On all oil-tank steamers the valves, instead of being located near 
the hatches on the upper deck, shall be all in an accessible house in 
which the operator is well protected from heat and smoke: Provided, 
That on oil-tank steamers a main line of steam smothering pipe of 
sufhcient area to supply all branch pipes leading from the same to 
the tanks may be run the entire length of the deck, and only the 
main stop valve of the main line shall be required to be housed. 
All branch pipes shall be provided with valves which shall be left 
open at all times, so that the steam may enter all compartments 
simultaneously. Such 'branches as may not be required after the 
fhe is definitely located may be shut off, in order that the entire 
system may be concentrated on one tank. 

Provided, That carbonic-acid gas or other extinguishing gases or 
vapors may be substituted in place of steam as aforesaid and for 
the above-described purposes, when such gas or vapor and the appa- 
ratus for producing and distributing the same shall have been 
approved by the Board of Supervising Inspectors: Provided, That 
the use of such apparatus shall be allowed by law. 

Provided furtlier. That pipes for conveying steam from the boilers, 
or pipes for conveying carbonic-acid gas or other extinguishing 
vapors for the purpose of extinguishing fire, shall not be led mto the 
cabins or into other passengers' or crew's quarters. 

The use of glass lamps shall be prohibited on any vessel under the 
jurisdiction of the Steamboat-Inspection Service unless the same are 
securely fitted into suitable metal brackets. (Sec. 4470, K. S.) 

8. Steamers required to be provided with double-acting steam 
fire pumps or other equivalents for throwing water shall be equipped 
with such pumps according to their tonnage, as follows : 

Steamers over 20 tons and not exceeding 150 gross tons shall have 
not less than 50 cubic inches pump-cylinder capacity. Steamers of 
over 150 gross tons and under 3,000 tons shall have not less than one- 
third of 1 cubic inch pump-cylinder capacity for every gross ton. 



I 



89 (IV, 8) 

Steamers of 3,000 gross tons and over shall have pump cylinder of 
not less than 1,000 cubic inches capacity. This rule shall apply only 
to pumps installed after June 30, 1907, and all pumps now approved 
and in use or installed before said date shall be accepted if complying 
with the requirements of law and regulations in force at the tmie of 
the adoption of this rule. 

Upon such steamers fire mains shall be led from the pumps to all 
decks, with sufficient number of outlets arranged so that any part 
of the steamer can be reached with water with the full capacity of 
the pumps and by means of a single 50-foot length of hose from at 
least one of said outlets. On all classes of steamers every such 
pump shall be fitted with a gauge and a relief valve adjusted to lift 
100 pounds pressure. (Sec. 4471, K. S.) 

9. Steamers are not restricted to any particular proportions for 
fire pumps. Any dimensions that will attain the requirements speci- 
fied in section 8. or greater in capacity, may be allowed: Providedj 
Tiowever, That all hydrant connections be supplied with suitable 
spanners. (Sec. 4471, R. S.) 

10. The capacity of ihQ pipes and hose leading from the pumps 
shall in no case be less than that of the discharge opening of the 

Eump : Providedj Jiowever, That the pipe and hose shall in no instance 
e less than IJ inches in internal diameter. 

And provided furtlier, That steamers of 15 tons and under may be 
allowed to use hose of three-fourths of an inch internal diameter, but 
in no case shall it be less than the discharge opening of the pumps, 
it bemg further pro^dded that open boats of less than 10 gross tons 
that are fully equipped with buckets, as requu'ed by these rules and 
regulations, shall not be required to carry hose. (Sec. 4471, R. S.) 

11. A rotary pump, when driven by an engine independent of the 
main engine, may be considered as an equivalent for the double- 
acting fire pump, and used as such when equal to it in efficiency and 
capacity. (Sec. 4471, R. S.) 

12. Any steamer having on board an independent steam pump and 
an auxiliary boiler suitably arranged and of sufficient strength and 
capacity for testing the boilers thereof; or if one of the hand fh^e 
pumps be suitably arranged and of sufficient strength and capacity 
lor testing the boilers: or if the '^doctor," so called, when arranged 
permanently for testing the boilers, is, in the judgment of the inspec- 
tors, suitable for the purposes intended, may be considered as having 
compHed with the law requiring a pump for testing boilers. (Sec. 
4471, R. S.) 

13. Any steamer of 50 gross tons or under, required to have a 
double-acting steam fire pump, and having in use on board a ''doctor,'^ 
so called, ma}^ be considerecl as having a lawful equivalent for such 
a pump when such ''doctor" has pipes attached to it leading to the 
upper and between decks, such pipes being provided with hose and 
valves, according to law; but the pipes and hose shall in no case be 
less than 1| inches in internal diameter. The pumps for supplying 
the boilers shall in no case be considered as an equivalent for the 
double-acting steam fire pump, on steamers above 50^ gross tons. 
Every steamer exceeding 150 gross tons and not otherwise provided 
for shall be provided with one good double-acting fire pump to be 
worked by hand: Provided, That when a steam pump is equipped to 
Avork by hand the same shall be accepted as a hand fire pump. Each 



{IV, 13) 90 

chamber shall be of sufficient capacity, and the stroke so regulated, 
that not less than 100 cubic inches of water shall be displaced by each 
stroke of the piston. Two smaller pumps may be allowed to take the 
place of the one pump of 100 cubic inches capacity provided for in 
this section when their combined capacity equals or exceeds 100 cubic 
inches. Each pump shall be placed in the most suitable part of the 
vessel for efficient service, having suitable, well-fitted hose to such 
pump long enough to reach to all parts of the vessel. Pumps ma^^ be 
connected to a pipe line having sufficient number of outlets so 
arranged that any part of the vessel can be reached with water by 
means of a single 60-foot length of hose from at least one of said 
outlets, pumps to be kept at all times in perfect order, with brakes, 
and hose coupled on ready for immediate use: Provided, That on 
freight steamers having hulls constructed entirely of metal onl}^ 
such hose shall be required as may be necessary to reach all cabins or 
superstructures, such hose to be couDled on at all times. (Sec. 
4471, R. S.) 

14. Ail steam fire pumps required shall be supplied with connect- 
ing pipes leading to the hold of the vessel with stopcocks or shut-off 
valves attached and so arranged that such pumps may be used for 
pumpmg and dischai^ging water overboard from the hold. f 

Each and every steam vessel shall be fitted with a bilge pipe lead- 
ing from each compartment of the vessel and connecting with a suit- 
ably marked valve to the main bilge pump in the engine-room, and 
each compartment of all steam vessels shall be fitted with suitable 
sounding pipe, the opening of which shall be accessible at all times, 
except that in compartments accessible at all times for examination 
no sounding tubes are necessary. 

Steam siphons may be substituted in each compartment for the 
bilge pipes. ^ 

All hose required on steam vessels for fire purposes shall be tested 
to a pressure of 100 pounds to the square inch at each inspection, and 
it shall be the duty of the local inspectors at each annual inspection 
to see that the couplings are securelv fastened to the hose by suitable 
ext-emal or internal clamps, and at feast one length of such hose shall 
be kept at all times attached to each outlet of the fire main and pro- 
vided with a suitable nozzle: Provided, That on freight steamers 
where the keeping of such hose coupled on interferes with the loading 
or unloading of cargo they may be removed during such loading or 
unloading. (Sec. 4471, R. S.) " 

15. All pipes used as mains for conducting water from fire pumps 
on board steam vessels in place of hose shall be of wrought iron, 
brass, or copper, with wrought-iron, brass, or composition hose 
connections. 

Suction pipes for all pumps on steam vessels shall be so arranged as 
to have an area of opening sufficiently large to supply water when 
pumps are working at full capacity. (Sec. 4471, R. S.) 

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. 

16. All steamers of more than 15 tons, carrying passengers, includ- 
ing pleasure vessels, shall be provided Vvith sucn number of good 
and efficient portable fire extinguishers, approved by the Board of 
Supervising Inspectors, as shall hereafter be prescribed, viz: 



91 (IV, 16) 

Fire extinguishers. 

Steamers of over 15 and not over 50 gross tons 1 

Steamers of over 50 and not over 100 gross tons 2 

Steamers of over 100 and not over 500 gross tons » 3 

Steamers of over 500 and not over 1,000 gross tons 6 

Steamers of over 1,000 gross tons, not less than '. 8 

Freight and towing steamers of oyer 250 tons shall be provided 
with chemical fire extinguishers as hereafter prescribed, viz: 

Fire extinguishers. 

Steamers of over 250 and not over 500 gross tons 1 

Steamers of over 500 gross tons 2 

The tables of required fire extinguishers in this section are based 
on the capacity of the ordinary machine, which is about 2J gallons. 
Fire extinguishers of approved types of less capacity are allowable 
when their total contents e(jual the required quantity. 

All chemical fire extinguishers thus provided for shall be able to 
withstand a pressure of 350 pounds to the square inch, exccDt such 
fire extinguishers as have no stopcock or valve between the ctiamber 
and discharge, in which case they ma}' be used after having been 
tested to 150 pounds pressure to the square inch. 

Ail steamers carrying passengers, which transport five or more 
automobiles or motor vehicles having attached tanks containing 
gasoline or any of the products of petroleum, under the provisions 
of section 4472, Kevised Statutes, shall carry, in addition to the 
chemical fire extin^ushers required by the preceding paragraphs, at 
least ^YQ chemical fire extinguishers of a type approved by the 
Board of Supervising Inspectors which have demonstrated before the 
board a capacity for extinguishing burning gasoline, but where less 
than five such ^automobiles are transported it is only required that 
the steamer carry one such additional fire extinguisher for each 
automobile transported . 

Fire extinguishers shall be located in such parts of the vessels as 
in the judgment of the local inspectors will be most convenient and 
serviceable in case of emergency, and so arranged that they may 
be easily removed from their fastenings. Every fire extinguisher 
thus provided for, except the small special fire extinguishers of the 
Pyrene, Electrene, Coston, and similar types, shall be discharged and 
examined at each annual inspection. (Sec. 4479, R. S.) 

Rule V. — Licensed Officers. 

Section. 

Accidents, licensed officers must report, to inspectors IG 

Color blindness, examination required for 2 

Drills required on steamers carrying passengers 18 

Engineers, classification of 41 

Engineers, duty of, when assuming charge of boilers 43 

Engineers of vessels propelled by gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric motors, license 

to. 45 

Engineers, qualifications and examinations required for license 41, 42 

Engineers to report repairs to boilers 44 

Examination for license to be given as soon as practicable 3 

Examination in j)ilot rules required on renewal of license 11 

Examination, written, required for original license and raise of grade 3 

Fire alarm, general 18 

Hatches must be properly covered 24 

Ha^yaiian Islands, qualifications of masters and mates in 40 

Indians, license of, under certain conditions 3 



(V) 92 

Section. 

License, certificates required for 1 

License, examination for, to be given as soon as practicable 3 

License, examination required for original and raise of grade 3 

License, joint, effect of suspension or revocation of 13 

License may be suspended or revoked for drunkenness when on duty, and for 

certain other misconduct 14 

License, reexamination after refusal of 4 

License, special, service required for raise of grade of person holding 42 

License, suspension, term of duration shall be determined 13 

Licenses, canceled, examination of, by supervising inspectors 10 

Licenses, extension of route and raise of grade of 9 

Licenses, form of application.... .... 1 

Licenses, how obtained 1, 8 

Licenses, lost, certificate issued for 6 

Licenses must be filled out with pen and black ink 5 

Licenses, renewal of , 8 

Licenses, revocation of 13 

Licenses to officers of vessels owned by United States 15 

Lifeboats, drill required 18 

Master, licensed, required on every steam vessel of over 100 tons under way. . 19 

Masters and mates of steam pilot boats, qualifications and examination 40 

Masters, examination of, in pilot rules 11 

Masters of coastwise steamers, qualifications and examination 21 

Masters of lake, bay, sound, and ferry steamers, qualifications and examination. 22 

Masters of ocean steam vessels, Cj[ualifications and examination 20 

Masters of passenger barges 47 

Masters of river steamers, qualifications and examination 23 

Masters of sail vessels 46 

Masters of steam vessels carrying passengers, reports required of 18 

Masters of yachts, qualifications and examination 39 

Mates, chief, of ocean steamers, qualifications and examination 25, 29 

Mates of inland steamers 31, 32 

Mates of coastwise steamers, qualifications and examination 30 

Mates, second, of ocean steamers of 500 tons and under, qualifications required 

of seamen for 27 

Mates, second, of ocean steamers, qualifications and examination 26, 27, 29 

Mates, third, of ocean steamers, qualifications and examination 28, 29 

Misconduct of licensed officers •. ..... 14 

Motor vessels, experience on, allowable for pilot's license . . 34 

Pilot houses, only certain persons allowed to enter 17 

Pilots, examination of, in pilot rules, for renewal of license 11 

Pilots, first-class or second-class, may take charge of steamers not over 100 tons. 36 

Pilots, how governed '. 37 

Pilots, original license, upon what conditions issued 34 

Pilot's route, how extended 35 

Pilots, special, may be licensed for steamers of 10 tons and under 34 

Pilots, steamers over 100 tons must have first-class 36 

Porto Rico, qualifications of masters and mates at 40 

Publications to be furnished licensed officers 12 

Raise of grade of license 9 

Reexamination after refusal of license 4 

Renewal of licenses 8 

School ships, experience on 28 

Special license, raise of grade of person holding 42 

Station bills, duty of master 18 

Watchman required in addition to pilot on watch 38 

ORIGINAL LICENSES. 

1 . Before an original license is issued to any person to act as a mas- 
ter, mate, pilot, or engineer he shall personallj^ appear before some 
local board or a supervising inspector for examination. 

Inspectors shall, before granting an original license to any person to 
act as an officer of a vessel, require the applicant to appear in person 



I 

I 



93 (V, 1) 

and make his wiitten application upon the blank form furnished by 
the Department, wliich application shall be filed in the inspectors' 
office. When practicable, applicants for master's, mate's, pilot's, or 
engineer's license shall present to the inspectors, to be filed with their 
application, discharges or letters from the master or other officer under 
w^m they have served certifying to the name of the vessel and in 
what capacity the applicant has served under him; also i)eriod of such 
service. Inspector shall also, when practicable, require applicant 
for pilot's license to have the -vvTitten indorsement of tlie master and 
engineer of the vessel upon which he has served, and of one licensed 
pilot, as to his qualifications. In the case of applicants for original 
engineer's license, they shall also, when practicable, have the indorse- 
ment of the master and engineer of a vessel on which the}" have served, 
together with one other licensed engineer. 

The first license issued to any person by a United States inspector 
shall be considered an original license, where the United States records 
show no previous issue to such apphcant. 

No original license shall be issued to any naturalized citizen on less 
experience in anv grade than would have been required of a citizen of 
the United States by birth. (Sec. 4405, K. S.) 

VISUAL EXAMINATIONS REQUIRED EOE, ORIGINAL AND RENE^VED 

LICENSES. 

2. No original license as master, mate, or pilot of any vessel pro- 
pelled in whole or in part by steam, gas, fluid, naphtha, alco-vapor, 
electric, or other like motors, or master or mate ol* sail vessels, shall 
be issued except upon the official certificate of a surgeon of the Public 
Health Service resnecting the vision of the person applying for such 
original hcense. The word ' ' original " as contemplated in this section 
shall mean the first hcense of any character issued to a master, mate, 
or pilot, and shall not be held to mean, for instance, that a hcense 
issued to a master who was pre\dously Hcensed as a mate or pilot shall 
be considered an original master's license. 

No hcense as master, mate, or pilot of any class of vessel specified 
and enumerated in the foregoing paragraph shall be renewed except 
upon the official certificate of a surgeon of the Public Health Service 
that the color sense of the applicant for renewal is normal. 

A^Tiere an apphcant for renewal of hcense is situated so that it would 
put him to great inconvenience or expense to appear before a surgeon 
of the Public Health .Service for examination, the certificate of a 
reputable physician or oculist as to the color sense of the applicant 
shall be accepted in lieu of the certificate of the surgeon of the Public 
Health Service. 

In case an applicant for original hcense or renewal of license is 
pronounced color-bhnd he may, in the discretion of the inspectors, 
be limited to act as pilot on a vessel navigating in daylight only. 

Any pei^on holding a license as mate on steamers navigating watei-s 
flo^dng into the Guli of Mexico and their tributaries issued prior to 
1905 may have such license renewed without being subjected to the 
examination for color sense. 

Any applicant for renewal of license who has been refused such 
renewal on account of the requirements of section 48, Rule V, respect- 
ing ^asual acuity and color sense, as amended in January, 1911, may 



(V,2) 




ing that liis color sense ki normal. (vSecs. 4439, 4440, 4442, R. S.) 

EXAMINATIONS . 

3. No original master's, mate's, Y>iIots, or engineer's license shall 
be issued hereafter or grade increased excej^t upon vmtten examination 
by a board of local in8])ectors or a supendsing inspector, which written 
examination shall be placed on file in the oIFice of the inspectors issuing 
said license: Provided, however, That upon navigable waters of the 
United States nev/ly opened to steamboat navigation, and where the 
only pilots obtainable are illiterate Indians or other natives, the fact 
that such persons can neither read nor write shall, not be considered 
a bar to such Indians or other natives receiving license as pilot of 
steam vessels, provided they are otherwise qualified therefor. 

Before granting or renewing a license, inspectors shall satisfy 
themiselves that the applicants can properly hear the bell and whistle 
signals. 

When any person makes application for license it shall be the duty 
of the local inspectors to give the applicant the required examination 
as soon as practicable. (Sees. 4405, 4439, 4440, 4441, 4442, R. S.) 

REEXAMINATIONS AND REFUSAL OF LICENSES. 

4. Any apphcant for license who has been duly examined and re- 
fused may come before any local board for reexammation after one 
year has expired. 

If the inspectors shall dechne to grant the applicant the license 
asked for, they shall furnish hun a statement, in writing, setting forth 
the cause of their refusal to grant the same. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

PREPARATION OF LICENSES. 

5. All licenses hereafter issued to masters, mates, pilots, and 
engineers shall be fdled out on the face with pen and black ink instead 
of typewritten. Inspectors are directed, when licenses are completed, 
to draw a broad pen and black-ink mark through all unused spaces in 
the body thereof, so a.s to ])revent, as far as possible, illegal interpo- 
lation after issue. (Sec. 4405, K. S.) 

CERTIFICATE OF LOST LICENSE. 

6. In case of loss of license, of any clae;:;, from any cause, the 
inspectors, upon receiving satisfactory evidence of such loss, shall 
issue a certificate to the ov/ner thereof, which shall have the authority 
of the lost license for the luiexpired term, unless in the meantime the 
holder thereof shall have the grade of his license raised, after due exam- 
ination, in which case a license in due form for such grade may be 
issued. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 



95 (V) 

PARTING WITH LICENSE. 




RENEWAL OF LICENSES. 

S. Wlienever an officer shall apply for a renewal of his license for 
the same grade, the presentation of the old license, Vv ith satisfactory 
certificate of visual examination, where required, and with oath of 
oihce, shall be considered sufficient evidence of his title to renev/al, 
which old license, certificate of visual examination, and oath of office 
shall be retamed by the inspectors upon their ofTicial files as the 
evidence upon which the license was renewed: Provided^ That it is 
presented within 12 montlis after the date of its expiration, unless 
such title has been forfeited or facts shall have come to the kiiowledge 
of the mspectors which would render a renewal unproper; nor shall 
any license be renewed more than 30 days in advance of the date of 
the expiration thereof, unless there are extra ordmary circumstances 
that shall justify a renewal beforehand, in which case the reasons 
therefor must appear in detail upon the records of the mspectors 
renewing the license. 

Wlienever an officer shall apply for renewal of his license for same 
grade, after 12 months after the date of its expiration, he shaU be 
required to pass an examiaation for the same grade of license. The 
renewed license in either case shall receive the next higher number for 
number of issue of present grade and for number of issues oi all 
grades. 

Whenever a licensed officer makes application for a renewal of his 
license, he shall appear m person ]>efore some board of local mspectors 
or supervismg inspector, except that upon the renewal of such license 
for the same grade, when the distance from any local board or super- 
vising inspector is such as to put the person holding the same to great 
inconvenience and expense to appear m person, he may, upon taking 
oath of office before any person authorized to administer oaths, and 
forwarding the same, together with the license to be renewed and 
certificate of visual examination where requhed, to the local board 
or supervising mspector of the district m which he resides or is em- 
ployed, have the same renewed by the said inspectors, if no valid 
reason to the contrary be knowni to them; and they shall attach such 
oath to the stub end of the license, which is to be retained on file in 
their ofiice: Provided, however , That any officer holdmg a license, and 
who is engaged in a service which necessitates his continuous absence 
from the United States, may make application m v.riting for one 
renewal and transmit the same to the Ijoard of local mspectors, with 
a statement of the applicant, verified before a consul or other officer 
of the United States authorized to admmister an oath, setting forth 
the reasons for not appearing in person, and upon receivmg the same 
the board of local inspectors that originally issued such license shall 
renew the same for one additional term of such license, and shall 
notify the applicant of such renewal. (Sees. 4405, 4438, R. S.) 



(V) 96 

EXTENSION OF ROUTE AND RAISE OF GRADE OF LICENSES. 

9. Licensed officers serving under five years' license, entitled by 
license and service to raise of grade, shall have issued to them new 
licenses for the grade for which they are qualified, the local hispectors 
to file in their office the old license when surrendered, with the report 
of the circumstances of the case, after the old license and report of 
the circumstances of the case shall have been reviewed by the super- 
vising inspector of the district, but the grade of no license shall be 
raised, except as hereinafter j)rovided, unless the applicant can show 
one year's actual experience in the capacity for which he has been 
licensed. 

Inspectors shall, before granting an extension of route or raise of 
grade of license, requke the applicant to make his written application 
upon the blank form of application for extension of route or raise of 
grade of license furnished by the Department, When practicable, 
applicants for extension of route or raise of grade of license shall 
present to the mspectors, to be ffied with the application, discharges 
or letters from, the master or other officer under whom they have 
served, or other satisfactory documentary evidence, certif5^ing to the 
name of the vessel and in v»^hat capacity the applicant has served; 
also period of such service. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

EXAMINATION OF CANCELED LICENSES BY SUPERVISING INSPECTORS. 

10. With the exception of operators' licenses, every canceled 
license renewed, with or without raise of grade, and every canceled 
license for which a license of a higher grade is issued before the expira- 
tion of the five years' term of license shall be submitted to the super- 
vising inspector of the district for his review, to determine whether 
both licenses have been issued in accordance with the rules and re^i- 
lations, and whether they are in proper form. The supervising 
mspector shall personally, carefully examine every canceled license 
submitted to him. The canceled license shall be promptly examined 
by the supervising inspector and returned to the local inspectors. 
(Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

EXAMINATION FOR RENEWAL OF MASTER'S OR PILOT's LICENSE. 

11. It shall be the duty of all inspectors, before renewing an exist- 
ing license to a master or pilot of steam vessels, for any waters, who 
has not been employed as master or pilot on such waters during the 
three years preceding the application for renewal, to satisfy thera- 
selves, by an examination in writing, or orally, to be taken down in 
writmg by the mspectors, that such officers are thoroughly familiar 
with the pilot rules upon the waters for which they are licensed. 
(Sees. 4439, 4442, R. S.) 

LAWS, GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, AND PILOT RULES TO BE 
FURNISHED LICENSED OIFICERS. 

12. Every master, mate, pilot, and engineer of vessels shall, when 
receiving an original license, a renewed license, or a raise of grade of 
license, be furnished by the inspectors with a copy of the Laws Govern- 



97 (V, 12) 

iiig the Steamboat-Inspection Service, and a copy of the General 
Eiiles and Regulations Prescribed by the Board of Supervising In- 
spectors, and every master and pilot of vessels and operator of motor 
vessels shall, when receiving an original license, a renewed license, or 
a raise of grade of license, be furnished by the inspectors with a 
pamphlet copy of the rules and regulations governing pilots and of 
the statutes upon which such rules are founded, applicable to the 
w^aters on which their licenses are intended to be used, as stated m 
the body thereof. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

SUSPENSION AND REVOCATION OF LICENSES. 

13. When the license of any^ master, mate, pilot, or engineer is 
revoked such license expires with such revocation, and any license 
subsequently granted to such person shall be considered in the light 
of an original license except as to number of issue. And upon the 
revocation or suspension of the license of any such officer said license 
shall be surrendered to the local inspectors ordering such suspension 
or revocation. 

T\Ticn the license of any master, mate, engineer, or pilot is sus- 
pended the inspectors making such suspension shall determine the 
term of its duration, except that such suspension shall not extend 
beyond the time for w^hich the license w^as issued. 

The suspension or revocation of a joint license shall debar the 
person holding the same from the exercise of any of the privileges 
therein granted, so long as such suspension or revocation shall remain 
in force. (Sec. 4450, R. S.) 

MISCONDUCT OF LICENSED OFFICERS. 

14. Whenever a supervising, local, or assistant inspector of steam 
vessels, or any of them, shall find on board any vessel subject to the 
provisions of Title LII of the Revised Statutes any licensed officer 
under the influence of liquor or other stimailant to such an extent as 
to unfit him for duty, or when any licensed ofiicer shall use abusive 
or insulting language to any inspector or assaults any such inspector 
while on official duty, the local inspectors or the supervising inspector 
shall immediately suspend or revoke the license of the officer so 
offending without further trial or investigation. 

The fact of a licensed officer being under the influence of liquor in 
the presence of the inspector or inspectors to such an ext-ent as to 
unfit him for duty while on board a vessel shah be sufficient cause 
for such suspension or revocation. (Sees. 4405, 4450, R. S.) 

LICENSES TO OFFICERS OF VESSELS OWNED BY THE UNITED STATES. 

15. Any person who has served at least one year as master, com- 
mander, pilot, or engineer of any steam vessel owned and operated 
by the United States in any service in which a hccnse as master, 
mate, pilot, or engineer was not required at the time of such service, 
shall be entitled to license as master, mate, pilot, or engineer, if the 
inspectors, upon written examination, as recjuired for applicants for 
original license, may find him qualified: Promded, That the experience 

85797°— 13 7 



(V, 15) 98 



■ 



of any such applicant within tliree years of making application has 
been such as to qualify him to serve in the capacity for which he 
makes application to be licensed. (Sees. 4439, 4440, 4441, 4442, 
R. S.) 

EEPOETS OF ACCIDENTS TO VESSELS. 

16. Whenever a vessel subject to the inspection of the Steamboat- 
Inspection Service meets %vith an accident involving loss of life or 
damage to property to an approximate amount exceeding SlOO, it 
shall be the dut}^ of the licensed officer in command of such vessel 
to report the same in writing and in person, at the earliest oppor- 
tunity, to the local board nearest the port of first arrival. If the 
accident happens upon the high seas or without the jurisdiction of 
inland vfaters, the board to whom the report is first made shall make 
the investigation, but if the accident occurs within the jurisdiction 
of inland waters, the report shall be transmitted to the board within 
whose jurisdiction the accident occurred, which board shall make the 
investigation except in cases where, in the judgment of the Super- 
vising Inspector General, better results may be obtained by another 
board conducting the investigation, in which case the Supervising 
Inspector General is authorized to direct such investigation by another 
board: Provided, That when from distance it ma}^ be inconvenient to 
report in person it may be done in writing only, and the report sworn 
to before anv person authorized to administer oaths. (Sec. 4448, 
U.S.) 

ONLY CERTAIN PERSONS ALLOWED IN PILOT HOUSE AND ON j^^^mx 

navigator's BRIDGE. MB 

17. Masters and pilots of steamers carrying passengers shall exclude 
fi'om the pilot houses and navigator's bridge of such steamers, while . ■ 
under way, all persons not connected with the navigation of such 11 
steamers, except officers of the Steamboat-Inspection Service and of 

the Revenue-Cutter Service when upon business: Provided, That 
licensed officers of steamboats, persons regularly engaged in learning 
the profession of pilot, officers of the United "States Navy, United 
States Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Lighthouse Service, engineer 
officers connected with the improvement of rivers and harbors and 
the engineer officers connected with the construction and operation 
of the Panama Canal may be allowed in the pilot house or upon the 
navigator's bridge upon the responsibility of the officer in charge. 
No one shall be allowed in the pilot house of ferry steamers except 
the crew on duty there and steamboat inspectors. 

The master of every such passenger and ferry steamer shall keep 
three printed copies oi this section of Rule V posted in conspicuous 

g laces on such steamer, one of which shall be kept posted in the pilot 
ouse. 

Such printed copies shall be furnished by the Department of Com- 
merce to local inspectors for distribution. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

STATION BILLS, DRILLS, AND REPORTS OF MASTERS. 

18. It shall be the duty of the offi.cer in charge of every steamer 
carrying passengers to cause to be prepared a station bill for his 
own department, and one also for the engineer's department, in 



99 (V, IS) 

wiiich. shall be assigned a post or station of duty for every pei'son 
employed on board such steamer in case of fii-e or other disaster, 
which station bills shall be placed in the most conspicuous j^laces on 
board for the observation of the crew. And it shall be the duty of 
such master, or of the mate or officer next in command, once at least 
in each week, to call all hands to quarters and exercise them in the 
discipline, and in the unlashing and svdnging out of the lifeboats, 
weather permitting, and in the use of the lire pumps and all other 
apparatus for the safety of life on board of such vessel, with, especial 
regard for the drill of the crew in the method of adjusting life pre- 
servers and educating passengers and others m this procedure and 
to see that all the equipments required by law are in complete Vv'ork- 
ing order for immediate use; and the fact of the exercise of the crew, 
as herein contemplated, shall be entered upon the steamer's log 
book, stating the day of the month and hour when so exercised; and 
it shall be the duty of the inspectors to require the officers and crew 
of all such vessels to perform the aforesaid drills and discipline in 
the presence of the said inspectors at intervals sufficiently frequent 
to assure the said inspectors by actual observation that the foregoing 
requirements of this section are compKed with; the master shall also 
report monthly to the local inspectors the day and date of such 
exercise and drill, the condition of the vessel and her equipment, and 
also the number of passeng*ers carried, and any neglect or omission 
on the part of the officer in command of such steamer to strictly 
enforce this rule shall be deemed cause for the suspension or revoca- 
tion of the license of such officer. 

The general ffi-e-alarm signal shall be a contmuous rapid ringing 
of the ship's bell for a period of not less than 20 seconds, and this 
signal shall not be used for any other purpose whatsoever. 

Three copies of this section shall be furnished every steamer cany- 
ing passengei^s, to be framed under glass and posted in conspicuous 
places about the vessel. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

STEAM VESSELS REQriRING LICENSED MASTERS. 

19. There shall be a duly licensed master on board every steam 
vessel of more than 100 gross tons whenever such steamer is under- 
way. (Sees. 4439, 4463, R. S.) 

MASTERS OF OCEAN STEAM VESSELS. 

20. Any applicant for license as master of ocean steamers shall 
furnish satisfactory documentary evidence to the local inspectors that 
he has had three years' experience on ocean steamers, one year of 
which has been as chief mate, or five years' experience on ocean sail 
vessels of 300 gross tons and upward, two years of which shall have 
been as a licensed master of sail vessels, and he shall be subjected to 
such examination as shall satisfy the inspectors that he is capable of 
navigating such vessels and of determining latitude from the meridian 
altitude of the sun, latitude by ex-meridian altitude of the sun, lati- 
tude from the meridian altitude of a star, latitude by the pole star, 
longitude by a. m. and p. m. chronometer time sights, longitude by 
sunrise or sunset sights, ship's position by Sumner's method, ship's 
position by traverse sailing, including the correction of courses tor 



(V, 20) 100 

leeway, current, deviation, and variation, one of such courses to be 
a departure course, and of finding course and distance by Mercator's 
sailing, and be capable of determining the deviation of the compass 
by an amplitude and azimuth, and the time of high water at a port 
named; he must also be familiar with charts and chart navigation, 
storm signals, international code of signals, and with the use of the 
gun and rocket apparatus for saving life from shipwreck as practiced 
by the United States Life-Saving Service. The examination to 
determine his qualifications shall be in writino^, which shall be kept 
on file in the office of the inspectors granting the license. 

Provided, That any person holding a license as chief mate who has 
had two years' service in the capacity of second mate, or watch 
oflicer actually in charge of a bridge watch since receiving such 
license as chief mate, shall be entitled to examination for master's 
license. 

It is further vrGvided, That where any person has actually served 
as a licensed third officer of ocean steamers of 3,500 gross tons and 
upward for five years, he shall be eligible for examination for license 
as master of ocean steamers. 

It is further provided, That any person having had one year's actual 
experience as chief mate of ocean steamers of 1,000 gross tons and 
upward may be examined for license as master of ocean steamers, 
the examination to be the same as that provided for in the first para- 
graph of this section. (Sec. 4439, E. S.) 



MASTERS OF COASTWISE STEAMERS. 



21. Any person holding a license as master of lake, bay, and sound 
steamers may have indorsed thereon the authority allowing him to 
act as master of steamers upon the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific 
coasts and the Gulf of Mexico: Provided, That the applicant has had 
at least one year's experience as mate, quartermaster, or wheelsman 
of steam vessels ui^on the waters of the Atlantic or Pacific coast or 
the Gulf of Mexico, which experience shall have been obtained within 
the three years next preceding his application for such indorsement, 
and the fact shall be verified by satisfactory documentary evidence 
to be filed in the office of the local inspectors ; and the applicant shall 
only be subjected to such examination in writing as shall satisfy the 
local inspectors that he is capable of navigating such steamers. 
Inspectors shall state in the indorsement on the license the coastwise 
waters that the applicant is qualified to act upon as master. Prac- 
tical service in the deck department of an ocean-going or coastwise 
vessel propelled by machinery shall be accepted, when offered in doc- 
umentary evidence by any person appl5dng for an original license 
or raise of grade on ocean-going or coastwise steam vessels, as being 
equal to the same amount of service in any ocean-going or coastwise 
steam passenger vessel. (Sec. 4439, R. S.) 

MASTERS OF LAKE, BAY, SOUND, AND FERRY STEAMERS. 

22. No original license as master of lake, bay, and sound steamers 
shall be issued hereafter to any person who has not been licensed 
and served at least one year as first-class pilot or chief mate, such 
service as ])ilot or chief mate to have been within the three yeara, 
next preceding the application for license. 



I I 



101 {Y, 22) 

Provided, however, That any person who has served three years as 
master of sail vessels on the Great Lakes shall be eligible for exami- 
nation for master's license of steam vessels on the Great Lakes and 
other inland waters. 

It is furtlier provided, That masters of barge consorts on the Great 
Lakes having had tliree years' actual experience as such who have 
been licensed as fii*st-class pilots for one year or more may be exam- 
ined and licensed as masters of steam vessels on the Great Lakes and 
other inland waters if found qualified. 

Provided further, That any person who has served five years on 
sail vessels, one year of which has been as master, and any person 
who has had five years' combined service in the deck department of 
sail vessels and vessels propelled by machinery, one year of which 
has been as pilot or chief mate, may be licensed as master of lake, 
bay, sound, or river steamers of the class and tonnage for which he 
is found qualified. 

Provided further, That any pei*son holding a first-class pilot's license 
and liaving had one 3"ear's experience as licensed fu'st-class pilot may 
be eligible for exammation as master of ferry steamers, and any per- 
son holding a first-class pilot's license and having had two yeai^' expe- 
rience as wheelsman or quartermaster may be eligible for examination 
as master of ferry steamers: Provided, That a part of such service 
shall have been ^vithin the three years next preceding the date of 
application for examination. 

Provided furtlier, That any person who has operated under the 
authority of a second-class pilot s license for two years may be exam- 
ined for license as master of lake, bay, sound, and ferry steamers, and, 
if found qualified, may receive a master's license for such steamers as 
in the judgment of the inspectors the applicant is qualified to com- 
mand: Provided, That a part of the required experience shall have 
been withm the three vears next preceding the ax)plication. (Sec. 
4439, K, S.) 

MASTERS OF RIVER STEAMERS. 

23. Inspectors shall examine all applicants for original license as 
master of steamers navigatmg rivers exclusively, which examination 
shall be reduced to VvTiting and made a jDart of the permanent records 
of the office of the inspectors making such examination; and no origi- 
nal license shall be issued to an}^ person to act as master of such 
steamers who has not, by actual service on board of such steamers for 
a period of not less than three years, acquired practical knowledge, 
skill, and experience essential in case of emergency and disaster, and 
in the navigation of such steamers with safety to life and property, 
and at least one year of service to have been within the three years 
next precedmg the application, and such license shall entitle the holder 
of the same to act as master on any river steamer of the United States, 
and no license as master shall be issued to any applicant who can not 
read and write, and who has not served at least one year as licensed 
mate or pUot of steam vessels. 

Tlie line of examiaation to be pursued by irisjDectors in examining 
applicants for original license as master of river steamers shall be as 
follows : 

1. As to his general knowledge of the duties of m.aster of such 
steamers. 



(V, 23) 102 



■ 



2. As to his ability to handle the wheel in case of emergency or 
disaster. 

3. As to the knowledge of his duties and proper method of proce- 
dure in case of fire on his vessel. 

4. As to his knowledge of proper management of a vessel and crev/ 
in case of collision and sinking. 

5. As to executive ability generally to manage officers and crew. 

6. As to his general knowledge and ability to navigate steamers 
with safety to life and property. 

7. As to his knowledge of pilot rules governiiig the navigation of 
such steamers. 

8. As to his knowledge of signals between the pilot house and 
engine-room. 

9. As to his knowledge of signal lights and their proper position on 
all steam and other vessels. 

10. As to duties of master in case of fog or stormy weather, and on 
such other subjects in connection with the navigation of such vessels 
as the inspectors conducting such examination may deem proper and 
necessary, (Sec. 4439, K. S,) 

DUTY OF MASTER RELATING TO HATCHES. 

24. It shall be the duty of the master of all loaded vessels to see 
that all hatches are properly covered and secured as soon as practi- 
cable after leaving port. Failure hy the master of any vessel to ob- 
serve this regulation shall be sufficient cause for suspension of his 
license on a charge of inattention to his duty, (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

CHIEF MATE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

25. "No original license as chief mate of ocean steamers shall be 
issued to any person who has not served at least three years in the 
deck department of such steam vessels, one year of such service to 
have been as second mate of such vessels. 

Provided, That any person who has had five years' experience on 
sail vessels of 300 gross tons and over, two years of which have been 
in the capacity of licensed chief mate of sail vessels of 700 gross tons 
and over, may be licensed as chief mate of ocean steamers. 

Provided further, That any person who has had three years' actual 
experience as master of steam vessels of 1,000 gross tons and upward 
on the Great Lakes and can produce documentary evidence of the 
fact may be examined for license as chief mate of ocean steamers. 
(Sec. 4440, R. S.) 

SECOND MATE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

26. No original license for second mate of ocean steamers shall be 
issued to any person hereafter who has not had three years' experience 
on such steam vessels, two years of which shall have been as watch 
officer or quarterm.aster, or two of the three years' experience required 
may be on the school ship St. Marys or some other similar vessel, as 
indicated hy his graduatmg certificate, or he must have had three 
years' experience on ocean sail vessels of 300 gross tons and over, one 
year of which shall have been as second mate of such sail vessels of 
700 gross tons and upward : Provided, That any person holding a sec- 



103 (V, 26) 

end mate's license who has Jiad two years' experience on the same as 
watch officer shall be entitled to an exnmination for chief inaie'ti 
license. (Sec. 4440, R. S.) 

27. Any lii-st-class seaman who has had three years' experience on 
the deck of a sail vessel and one year's experience in the deck depart- 
ment of a steam vessel shall be eligible for examination for license as 
second mate of ocean steamers of 590 gross tons and under. (Sec. 
4440, R. S.) 

THIRD MATE OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

28. 'No person shall receive an original license as third mate of ocean 
steamers who has not iiad three years' experience on ocean or coast- 
wise steam vessels or sail vessels of 300 gross tons and upward as cadet 
or able seaman, or tv/o of the three 3'ears' experience requh-ed may be 
on tlie school ship St. Marys, or some other snnilar vessel, as indicated 
by his graduating certificate: Provided, That any person holding a 
license as th.U'd mate who has had two years' experience on said license 
as quartermaster on vessels of 2,500 gross tons and over shall be en- 
titled to exammation for second mate's license. (Sec. 4440, R. S.) 

EXAMINATIONS FOR MATES OF OCEAN STEAMERS. 

29. Ko original license as chief mate of ocean steamers, as second 
mate of ocean steamers, or as third mate of ocean steamers shall be 
issued to any person who does not understand navigation and who is 
not able to determine a ship's position at sea by observation of the 
sun, to obtain longitude b}^ chronometer, and to determine ship's 
latitude hy altitude of either the sun or stars, and to determine devia- 
tion of the compass by amplitude and azimuth, ship's position by 
traverse sailing (day's work), including the correction of courses for 
leeway, current, variation, and deviation, one of sucli courses to be a 
departure course, course and distance by Mercator's sailing, and who 
is not familiar vath charts and chart navigation, storm signals, inter- 
national code of signals, and with the use of the gun and rocket appa- 
ratus for saving life from shij^wreck, as practiced by the United States 
Life-Saving Service. Said qualifications shall be determined by an 
examination in WTiting, which examination shall be kept on file in the 
office of the local inspectors issuing the license. (Sec. 4440, R. S.) 

MATES OF COASTWISE STEAMERS. 

30. Any person having served one year as a licensed second mate 
of coastwise steamers may be licensed as chief mate of sucli steamers 
of any tonnage he is qualified to serve on. 

Any person who has served one year as a licensed first-class pilot of 
lake, bay, or sound steamers, and has served one year as quarter- 
master or wheelsman on coastwise steamers, such service as quarter- 
master or wheelsman to have been within the three years next pre- 
ceding date of application, may be licensed as chief mate of coastwise 
steamers of any tonnage he is qualified to serve on. 

Any person who has had three years' experience in tlie deck depart- 
ment of a coastwise steam vessel, or has had two years' experience in 
the deck department of a coastwise sailmg vessel, and two years' 
experience in the deck department of a coastwise steam vessel, one 
year of which experience to have been within the three years next 



(V, 30) 10^ ^ 

preceding date of application for license, may be licensed as chief mate 
of coastwise steamers not over 500 gross tons, or licensed as a second 
mate of coastwise steamers of more than 500 gross tons. 

All applicants for original license as chief mate or second mate of 
steamers on coastwise waters between points not exceeding 300 
miles shall pass only such examination before the inspectors as shall 
satisfy them that he is capable of navigating such steamer as chief 
or as second mate on such coastwise route. 

All applicants for original license as chief mate or second mate of 
steamers on coastwise routes extending more than 300 miles, shall 
pass a satisfactory examination before the inspectors as to their 
knowledge of the distance from a fixed object by bearings of same, 
day's work by dead reckoning, latitude at noon by meridian altitude 
of the sun, international rules to prevent collisions, obtaining a 
course with parallel rules, marking of the lead line, and other non- 
mathematical questions as the inspectors may determine. (Sec. 
4440, E. S.) 

MATES OF INLAND OR RIVER STEAMERS. 

31. Whenever any person presents himself for examination for 
license as mate of inland or river steamers the local inspectors shall 
examine him as to his knowledge, experience, and skill in loading 
cargo and in handling and stowage of freight, his knowledge of the 
operation and handling of fire apparatus, the launching and handling 
of lifeboats, his knowledge of life preservers and the method of ad- 
justing them, his ability to manage the crew and direct and advise 
the passengers in case of emergency, and his general familiarity with 
his duties in maintaining discipline and protecting the passengers, 
and if found qualified they shall grant him a license as such, but no 
such license shall be granted to any person who has not had at least 
two years' experience in the deck department of a steam vessel. 
(Sec. 4440, E. S.) 

DUTIES OF MxiTES OF INLAND STEAMERS. 

32. It shall be the duty of the mate of every inland or river 
steamer carrying passengers to assign to deck or steerage passengers 
the space they may occupy on board during the voyage, and to super- 
vise the stowage of freight or cargo, and see that the space set apart 
for passengers is not encroached upon. He shall also carefully 
examine all marks on packages of freight delivered on board for 
shipment, with a view to detect and prevent any combustible or 
other dangerous articles prohibited by law being delivered on board. 
Three copies of this section shall be furnished every steamer to which 
this section applies, to be framed under glass and posted in con- 
spicuous places about the steamer, one of which shall be on the 
main deck. (Sees. 4405, 4440, E. S.) 

INDORSEMENT OF MASTEr's OR MATE's LICENSE AS PILOT. 

33. Whenever a master or mate desires to act in the double capac- 
ity of master and pilot, or mate and pilot, and furnishes the neces- 
sary evidence of his qualifications, the local inspectors shall indorse 
such pilot routes on the certificate of license. (Sec. 4443, E. S.) 



105 (V) 

EXPERIENCE REQUIRED FOR LICENSE AS PILOT. 

34. No original license for pilot of any class shall be issued to any 
person, except for special license for steamers of 10 gross tons and 
under, who has not served at least three years in the deck depart- 
ment of a steam vessel, motor vessel, sail vessel, or barge consort, 
one year of which experience must have been obtained within the 
three j^ears next preceding the date of application for license, v/hich 
fact the inspectors may require, when practicable, to be verified by 
the certificate, in writing, of the licensed master or pilot, under whom 
the applicant has served, such certificate to be filed with the appli- 
cation of the candidate: Provided, That one year's experience as 
quartermaster or wheelsman while holding a second-class pilot 
license shall entitle the holder of such license to examination for 
license as first-class pilot. 

Special pilots may be licensed for steamers of 10 gross tons a,nd 
under, locally emplo3"ed. 

The local inspectors shall, before granting a license as pilot, satisfy 
themselves that the applicant is qualified to steer. (Sec. 4442, E. S.) 

EXTENSION OF PILOT 'S ROUTE. 

35. Local inspectors having jurisdiction on the Atlantic coast, 
Pacific coast, or Gulf of Mexico may indorse .any pilot's license for 
extension of route, subject to the approval of the boards having 
jurisdiction over the waters covered by the extension. 

Whenever any pilot applies to a board of local inspectors for an 
extension of his pilot's route, he shall make written application, on 
form furnished by Department, stating the extension desired, and 
he shall be examined, in writing, on the aids to navigation on said 
extension, and, if found qualified, shall receive such extension. 

Inspectors having jurisdiction over the Red River of the North 
and rivers whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico are forbidden 
to issue original licenses to pilots for routes extending beyond these 
rivers. (Sees. 4405, 4442, R. S.) 

TONNAGE OF STEAM VESSELS ON WHICH PILOTS MAY ACT. 

36. The navigation of every steamer above 100 gross tons shall be 
under the control of a first-class pilot, and every such pilot shall be 
limited in his license to the particular service for which he is adapted. 

A first-class or second-class pilot may act as master of a steamer 
not exceeding 100 gross tons. A second-class pilot is authorized to 
act as pilot in charge of a watch on any steamer within the tonnage 
specified in his license. (Sec. 4442, R. S.) 

PILOTS GOVERNED BY RULES. 

37. Pilots of steam vessels, while in the discharge of their duties, 
shall be governed by the rules of the Board of Supervising Inspec- 
tors, made for their guidance, and not by any instructions emanating 
from any inspector or other person. (Sees. 4405, 4442, R. S.) 



(V) 106 

PILOT-HOUSE WATCH. 

38. All passenger and ferry steamei^ shall; in addition to the reg- 
ular pilot on watch, have one of the crew also on watch, in or near 
the pilot house; and this rule applies to all steamers navigating in 
the nighttime. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

LICENSE OF OWNER AS MASTER OR PILOT OF STEAM YACHTS. 

39. Wlienever the owner of steam or sailing yachts, who has had 
three years' experience on board such yachts, applies for license to 
act as pilot or master of lake, bay, sound, or river steam yachts, the 
local inspectors shall give the applicant a written examination in 
regard to his Imowledge in handling such vessels, and his familiarity 
with the lights, lighthouses, channels, buoys, obstructions, courses, 
and distances between certain points in the v/aters for which he 
makes application for license, and shall also examine him as to his 
knowledge of the pilot rules of such waters, the ranning and anchor 
lights, fog signals, the use of the lead, signal bells between engine- 
room and pilot house, and the general rules and regulations for steam 
vessels. If the local inspectors are satisfied, after such examination, 
of the applicant's ability, they shall issue the applicant a license as 
pilot or master of steam yachts for the waters over which they are 
authorized to issue licenses. 

Whenever the owner of a steam or sailing yacht of over 100 gross 
tons, who has had three years' experience in sailing such vessels, 
applies for a license authorizing him to act as master of steam yachts 
for coastwise and ocean navigation, the local inspectors shall examine 
the applicant as to his knov\^led^e of the rules of the road, fog sig- 
nals, signal lights (inland and mternational) ; the use of the lead 
and line; the use of the patent and chip logs, the compass, variation 
and deviation of the compass, the use of the drag, the use of oil dur- 
ing storms, bell signals between pilot house and engine-room, handling 
of steam vessels, laws of storms, course and distance by chart, 
keeping the log book, middle latitude sailmg, Mercator's sailing, 
method of obtaining latitude and longitude by dead reckoning, lat- 
itude by altitude of either the sim, moon, or stars; longitude by 
chronometer (time sights). Practical problems shall be given in 
the subjects of latitude and longitude. The examination shall be 
in writing, which shall be kept on file in the office of the local inspec- 
toi^. If said examination is satisfactory to the local inspectors, they 
shall issue to the applicant a master's license authorizing him to disr 
charge the duties of master of steam yachts, either for coastwise or 
ocean navigation. (Sees. 4439, 4442, R, S.) 

MASTER, MATE, AND PILOT OF STEAM PILOT, FISHING, PORTO RICAN, 
AND HAWAIIAN VESSELS. 

40. Any applicant for original license to act as master or mate of 
steam pilot boats, or of steamers navigating the waters of the whal- 
ing grounds in the Alaskan seas, or of steamers engaged exclusively 
inthe business of whale fishing, or of steamers engaged in the Atlantic, 
Pacific, or Gulf coast fisheries, or of steam or sail vessels navigating 
between ports of the Hawaiian Islands, or between ports of the 



107 (V, 40) 

island of Porto Rico, shall have had at least three years' experience 
in the deck department of such steamers, which fact shall be verified 
by documentary evidence; and such applicant shall only be subjected 
to such examination as shall satisfy the inspectors that the applicant 
is capable of navigating such vessels: It is provided, That any per- 
son who has had at least five years' experience on sail vessels licensed 
in the fisheries of the United States, two years of which have been as 
master or mate of such sailing vessels, may be examined for license 
as master or mate of steam fishing vessels to be employed exclusively 
in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coast fisheries. The license issued 
under this section shall state in the body thereof ^'for coastwise 
onl}"," Pacific or Atlantic coast, as the case may be, and between 
what ports on either of said coasts. 

It is further provided, That said master's or mate's license may be 
indorsed as pilot on such inland waters on the above-named coasts 
as the local inspectors at the various ports may find the holder quali- 
fied to act on as pilot, after examination by the local inspectors, 
such examination to be in writing, and preserved in the files of the 
inspectors' office. (Sees. 4439, 4440, 4442, R. S.) 

CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERS. 
CHIEF. 

41. Chief engineers of ocean steamers. • 

Chief engineer of condensing lake, bay, and sound steamers. 

Chief engmeer of noncondensuig lake, bay, and sound steamers. 

Chief engineer of condensing river steamers. 

Chief engineer of noncondensing river steamers. 

Any person holding chief engineer's license shall be permitted to 
act as first assistant on any steamer of double the tonnage of same 
class named in said chief's license. 

Engineers of all classifications may be allowed to pursue their pro- 
fession upon all waters of the United States in the class for which 
they are licensed. 

FIRST ASSISTANT. 

First assistant engineer of ocean steamers. 

First assistant engineer of condensing lake, bay, and sound 
steamers. 

First assistant engineer of noncondensing lake, bay, and sound 
steamers. 

First assistant engineer of condensing river steamers. 

First assistant engineer of noncondensing river steamers. 

Engineers of lake, bay, and sound steamers who have actually 
performed the duties of engineer for a period of three years shall be 
entitled to examination for engineer of ocean steamers, applicant to 
be examined in the use of salt water, method employed in regulating 
the density of the water in boilers, the application of the hydrometer 
in determining the density of sea water, and the principle of con- 
structing the instrument: and shall be granted such grade as the 
inspectoi's having jurisdiction on the Great Lakes and seaboard may 
find him competent to fill. 



(V, 41) 108 

Any first assistant en^neor of steamers of 1,500 gross tons and 
over, having had actual service in that position for one year, may, 
if the local inspectors, in their judgment, deem it advisable, be 
licensed as chief engineer of lake, bay, sound, or river steam_ers of 750 
gross tons or under, in which case license shall be issued on chief 
engineers' form of license, which shall be indorsed with authority to 
act as first assistant engineer of steamers of any tonnage for which 
he is qualified. 

Any person having had a first assistant engineer's license for two 
years, and having had two years' experience as second assistant 
engineer, shall be ehgible for examination for chief engineer's license. 

SECOND ASSISTANT. 

Second assistant engineer of ocean steamers. 

vSecond assistant engineer of condensing lake, bay, and sound 
steamers. 

Second assistant engineer of noncondcnsing lake, hay, and sound 
steamers. 

Second assistant engineer of condensing river steamers. 

Any person having had a second assistant engineer's license for 
two years, and having had two years' experience as third assistant 
engineer, shall be eligible for examination for first assistant engineer's 
license. 

THIRD ASSISTANT. 

Third assistant engineer of ocean steamers. 

Third assistant engineer of condensing lake, bay, and sound 
steamers. 

First, second, and third assistant engineers may act as such on any 
steamer of the grade of which they hold license, or as such assistant 
engineer on any steamer of a lower grade than those to which they 
hold a license. 

Any person holding a license as third assistant engineer and having 
had twelve months' experience as junior engineer, or twelve months' 
combined ser^'ice as third assistant engineer and junior engineer, or 
two years' experience as oiler or water tender, or two years' combined 
service as oiler and water tender, since receiving said license, shall be 
eligible for examination for license as second assistant engineer. 

Inspectors may designate upon the certificate of any chief or 
assistant engineer the tonnage of the vessel on which he may act. 
(Sec. 4441, K. S.) 

QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR LICENSE AS ENGINEER OF STEAM 
VESSELS, AND LICENSE FORMS REQUIRED. 

42. No person shall receive an original license as engineer or 
assistant engineer of steam vessels (except for license as engineer of 
sawmill boats and pile drivers propelled by steam, and except for 
special license as engineer of a steam vessel of any kind of 10 gross 
tons or under on which a licensed engineer is required) who has not 
served at least three years in the engineers' department of a steam 
vessel, a portion of which experience shall have been obtained within 
the three years next preceding the application: Provided, howeveVj 
, That when the applicant's experience has been on waters where the 



109 (V, 42) 

season of open navigation is confined or restricted to a period of 
less than nine months on account of peculiar local conditions, twenty- 
four months may be considered as equivalent to the three years' 
experience required : Provided, That any person who has served three 
years as apprentice to the machinist trade in a marine, stationary, 
or locomotive engine works, and any person who has served for a 
period of not less than three years as a locomotive or stationary 
engineer, and any person graduated as a mechanical engineer from a 
duly recognized school of technology may be licensed to serve as an 
engineer of steam vessels after having had not less than one year's 
experience in the engine department of steam vessels, a portion of 
which experience shall have been obtained within the three years 
preceding his application, which fact shall be verified by the certifi- 
cate, in writing, of the licensed engineer or master under whom the 
applicant has served, said certificate to be filed with the application 
of the candidate; and no person shall receive license as above, except 
for special license, who is not able to determine the weight necessary 
to be placed on the lever of a safety valve (the diameter of valve, 
length of lever, distance from center of valve to fulcrum, weight of 
lev^er, and vv^eight of valve and stem being known) to w^ithstand any 
given pressure of steam in a boiler, or who is not able to figure and 
determine the strain brought on the braces of a boiler with a given 
pressure of steam, the position and distance apart of braces being 
Known, such knowledge to be determined by an examination in 
writmg, and the report of examination filed with the application in 
the office of the local inspectors, and no engineer or assistant engineer 
now holding a license shall have the grade of the same raised without 
possessing the above qualifications. No original license shall be 
granted any engineer or assistant engineer who can not read and write 
and does not understand the plain rules of arithmetic. 

No person holding a special engineer's license (Form 878) shall be 
eligible for examination for a higher grade of license until such person 
has actually served two full seasons under the authority of his license 
and one additional full season in a subordinate capacity upon steamers 
requiring regularly licensed officers. 

All licenses to engineers of steam v^essels of 10 gross tons and under 
shall be issued on Form 878, special license to engineers of steam 
vessels of 10 gross tons and under, and all other licenses to engineers 
of steam vessels shall be issued on Forms 876, chief engineer's license, 
and 877, assistant engineer's license, according to grades of chief and 
assistant engineers specified in Rule V. (Sees. 4405, 4426, 4441, R. vS.) 

EXAMINATION OJ? BOILERS AND MACHINERY BY ENGINEER. 

43. It shall be the duty of an engineer when he assumes charge of 
the boilers and machinery of a steamer to forthwith thorou^^hly 
examine the same, and if he finds any part thereof in bad condition, 
caused by neglect or inattention on the part of his predecessor, he 
shall immediately report the facts to the master, owner, or agent, 
and to the local inspectors of the district, who shall thereupon inves- 
tigate the matter, and if the former engineer has been culpably 
derelict of his duty they shall suspend or revoke his license. (Sec. 
4441, R. S.) 



(V) 110 

UEPORTS OF ACCIDENTS, REPAIRS, AND UNSAFE BOILERS AND MACHIN- 
ERY BY ENGINEERS. 

44. Before making general repairs to a boiler of a steam vessel the 
engineer in charge of such steamer shall report, in writing, the 
nature of such repairs to the local inspector of the district wherem 
such repairs are to be made. 

And it shall be the duty of all engineers when an accident occurs 
to the boilers or machinery in their charge tending to render the 
further use of such boilers or machinery unsafe until repairs are 
made, or v/hen, by reason of ordinary wear, such boilers or machinery 
have become so unsafe, to report the same to the local inspectors 
immediately upon the arrival of the vessel at the first port reached 
subsequent to the accident or after the discovery of such unsafe 
condition by said engineer. (Sec. 4441, R. S.) 

ENGINEERS OF MOTOR VESSELS. 

45. No -person shall receive an original license as engineer of vessels 
of above 15 gross tons, propelled by gas, fluid, naphtha, or electric 
motors, carrying freight or passengers for hire, who has not served 
at least one year on motor boats or in the engineers' department of 
steam vessels, or who has not had at least two years' experience in 
the construction of marine motor engines and their installation. 
All examinations for license as engmeer of motor vessels shall be 
reduced to writing and filed with the application of the candidate. 

Any person holding a license as engineer of steam vessels desiring 
to act as engineer of motor vessels must appear before a board of 
local inspectors for examination as to his knowledge of the machinery 
of such motor vessels, and if found qualified shall be licensed as 
engineer of motor vessels. 

MASTERS OF SAIL VESSELS. 

46. Local inspectors may, upon due application and examination,^' 
license any person as master of sail vessels of 700 gross tons and 
upward, upon receipt of satisfactorv documentary evidence to be 
filed in their office that said person has been actually employed for 
the full period of 5 years on sail vessels of 200 gross tons and up- 
ward, one year of which experience shall have been as master of sail 
vessels of 500 gross tons and upward or 2 years as master of sail 
vessels of 300 gross tons and upward or 2 years as mate of sail ves- 
sels of 500 gross tons and upward. 

The examination for license as master of sail vessels of 700 gross 
tons and upward shall be such as to satisfy the inspectors that the 
applicant can safelv navigate such vessels, and determine latitude 
and longitude by observations of the sun, latitude by the i)ole star, 
ship's position by traverse sailing (day's work), course and distance 
by Mercator's sailino^, variation of the compass by amplitude and 
azimuth, and be familiar with charts, chart na\dgation, international 
code of signals, storm signals, and with the use of the gun and rocket 
apparatus for saving life from shipwreck as practiced by the United 
States Life-Saving Service. (Sec. 4439, R. S.) 



Ill (V) 

BIASTERS OF PASSENGER BARGES. 

47. Any person appl^-ing for license as master of barges carrying 
passejigers shall liave had three years' experience in the deck depart- 
ment of such vessels, and shall be subjected to such examination as 
\\T.ll show his ability to handle the class of vessels for which he desires 
a license. (Sec. 443S, R. S.) 

Rule \1. — Inspectiox of A essels. 

Sectioa, 

-\merlcan Bureau of Shipping rules may be accepted 8 

Annual inspection to be made only on Written application 1 

Certificates of insTi>ection to be issued for a period of not less than one year. ... 7 

Certificates of inspection and license, how signed 6 

Drawings of new AC&sels reqtiired 8 

Duty of owners to notify ii\spectors when on dry dock 5 

Hulls, inspection of *. 4 

Inspection may be made within GO days of expiration of current certificate 7 

Permit to proceed to other ports for repairs, how issued .„. 7 

Repairs to hull or machinery, inspectors must be notified of . . f 5 

Steamers, inspectors may lawfully inspect 3 

1. The annual inspection of any vessel subject to the provisions 
of Title LII, Revised Statutes of the United States, shall be made 
only on written application, presented to the United States local 
inspectors by the o^vner, master, or authorized agent of the vessel 
to be inspected. Such application shall state upon its face that 
previous application for inspection has not been made to any other 
board of local inspectors or supervising inspector. (Sec. 4417, R. S.) 

2. St^am vessels employed bv tlie Government, unless the titles 
of the same are actually vested in the United States, are not exempt 
from inspection. (Sec. 4400, R. S.) 

3. Inspectors may lawfully inspect wdtliin their respective dis- 
tricts, upon proper application, any vessel running upon the waters 
of their district the certificate of wliich is about to expire. (Sec. 
4417, R. S.) 

4. In the inspection of hulls of vessels, the inspector of hulls 
shall carefully inspect every accessible part of the null, and care- 
fully examine the vrood or metal of which the hull is constructed, 
to determine the condition of same, making all necessary hammer 
tests of hulls constructed of iron or st^el. If the inspector shall 
not have satisfactory evidence otherwise of the soundness of the 
hull of a wooden vessel, he shall not give a certificate until the same 
shall be bored to his satisfaction. (Sec. 4417, R. S.) 

5. Whenever any vessel is placed upon the dock for repairs it shall 
be the duty of the master, owner, or agent to report the same to the 
board of local inspectors of that district, so that a thorough inspec- 
tion may by them be made to determine what is necessary to make 
such vessel seaworthy if the condition or age of the vessel, in the 
judgment of the inspectors, renders such examination necessary. 

No repairs or alterations affecting the safety of the vessel, either 
in regard to hull or machinery, shall be made without the knowledge 
of the local inspectors. Notice of such repairs and changes is neces- 
sary, even if such work does not require the vessel to be placed in a 
dry dock, and even if there are no licensed officers attached to the 
vessel. (Sec. 4417, R. S.) 



(VI) 112 



6. Certificates of inspection signed by one local inspector only 
siiali not be valid, nor shall the name of a regular inspector be sub- 
stituted by that of any other person upon any such certificate. This 
rule also applies to licenses. (Sec. 4421, R. S.) 

7. Certificates of inspection for any period less than one year shall 
not be issued, but nothing herein shall be construed as preventing 
the revocation or suspension of certificates of inspection, m case the 
same be allowed by law, or from preventing local inspectors from 
inspecting vessels for renewal of certificate, upon due application in 
writing, at any time not exceeding 60 days of expiration of cur- 
rent certificate of inspection, providing the same can be done with- 
out greater expense than would be incurred if taking place when 
inspection is regularly due, and that such inspection shall not inter- 
fere with other inspections regularly falling due at the same time. 
This rule, however, is not to be construed as preventing the inspec- 
tion of any vessel at an earlier period than 60 days anterior to the 
expiration of the vessel's certificate, when such vessel has been prac- 
tically rebuilt, or when necessary ^ ^for the purpose of concentrating 
the work of the inspectors within certain given periods" (Depart- 
ment decision 7703, Aug. 17, 1886, p. 216, Manual, edition 1890) for 
the purpose of savmg traveling expenses. 

Local inspectors issuing a permit to any vessel to proceed to other 
ports for repairs shall state upon the face of the same the conditions 
upon which it is granted and whether the vessel is to be allowed to 
carry freight or passengers, the quantity and number: Provided j 
Jiowever, That no vessel whose certificate had expired shall be per- 
mitted to carry passengers or freight while en route to another port 
for repairs. 

When, under section 4456, Eevised Statutes of the United States, 
vessels obtain a permit from the local inspectors of a district to go 
from their district to another to make repaii's, said local inspectors 
shall notify the supervising inspector of their district, stating the 
repairs to be made on said vessels. The supervising inspector shall 
notify the supervising inspector of the district where such repairs 
are to be made, furnishing him a copj^ of the report of the inspectors 
indicating the repairs ordered on said vessels. (Sees. 4421, 4453, 
R. S.) 

8. On and after July 1, 1911, the owner of every new vessel of 
over 100 gross tons, when making application for first inspection of 
the vessel, shall furnish the local inspectors of the district where the 
vessel is to be inspected drawings or blue prints, in plan and section, 
showing fully the general construction of the vessel, of wood, iron, 
or steel, including dimensions, spacing of frames, disposition of hull 
plates, outside and in, or of outside and inside planks, construction 
of decks, construction of transverse and longitudinal bulkheads and 
location of same, space between decks, and details of principal scarfs, 
and shall also furnish a statement of the shapes, dimensions, and 
unit weights of all structural parts of the hull and of the kinds of 
material of v/hich made, including kinds of wood. A full description 
of the riveting of all parts of an iron or steel hull shall be furnished. 

The drawings or blue prints and description of the vessel shall be 
retained in the ofilce of the local inspectors making the first inspec- 
tion of the vessel. 



^1 

ly I! 



113 (VI, 8) 

In the inspection of hulls, boilers, and machinery of vessels, the 
rules promulgated by the American Bureau of Shipping respecting 
material and construction of hulls, boilers, and engines, except where 
otherwise provided for by these rules and regulations, may be accepted 
by inspectors. (Sees. 4405, 4417, R. S.) 

Rule VII. — Ferryboats. 

Section. 

Bulkheads required on ferryboats 2 

Ferryboats, bulkheads required on 2 

Ferryboats may go beyond speciiied route, ho-^ 1 

Fern.-boats, officers, crew, and equipment required on, when leaving ferry route 

• and carrying passengers T 1 

Ferryboats to be confined to routes specified in certificate 1 

Lifeboats requii*ed on ferryboats 3 

Life preservers or floats required on ferryboats 4 

1. The navigation of ferryboats shall be confined to the ferry 
routes si^ecliied in the certificate of inspection; but such vessels may 
be permitted to go beyond their authorized routes with passengers 
only, or, vdthout such permit, to lighten or relieve vessels in distress. 
\Viien any ferryboat leaves her ferry route and carries passengers 
she shall be recjuired to carry the same ofhcers, crew, and equipment 
as reciuired of other steamers carrying passengers. (Sec. 4426, R. S.) 

2. AU ferryboats of more than 75 gross tons carrying passengers 
for hire, whose construction is commenced after March 31, 1913, shall 
be supplied with a sufficient number of water-tight bulkheads to float 
the vessel if any compartment is flooded. (Sec. 4426, R. vS.) 

3. All ferryboats of 50 gross tons or over shaU be equipped with 
such lifeboats, life rafts, outside ladders, and other means of escape, 
in case of disaster, as, in the opinion of the inspectors, shall meet 
the requirements of each particular case. But in no case shall the 
cubic feet of boat capacity be less than that provided in the follow- 
ing table: 

Cubic feet. 

Ferr\-boats of 50 and not over 300 gross tons " 120 

Ferryboats over 300 and not over 600 gross tons 240 

Ferryboats over 600 gi-oss tons 360 

Provided, That on ferryboats of m.ore than 300 gross tons one- 
half the boat capacity required may be substituted by its equivalent 
in approved life rafts. 

Ferryboats of less than 50 gross tons shall be equipped with boats 
or rafts as in the opinion of the inspectors may be necessary in case 
of disaster to secure the safetv of all persons on board. (Sec. 4426, 
R. S.) 

4. All ferryboats shall be equipped with a life preserver (or float 
where the same is allowed by law) for every 7 square feet of passen- 
2:er deck surface on single-deck ferryboats and for every 12 square 
leet of such deck surface on ferryboats having more than one passen- 
ger deck, and such life preservers or floats shall be distributed in the 
most accessible places, where they can be reached at all times, and 
it shall be the duty of the local inspectors to see that all the life 
preservers or floats are marked with the name of the vessel having 
the same on board. 

All ferryboats shall be provided with the same fire apparatus 
required on passenger steamers of equal tonnage. (Sec. 4426, R. S.) 
85797°— 13 8 



(VIII) 114 

Rule YIII. — Excursion Steamehs. 

Section. 
Permits, excursion, how issued .^ 1 

Passenger steamers making excursions, additional equipments required on 2 

1. If the master, agent, or owner of any passenger or ferry steamer 
desires a permit to engage in excursions, the inspectors, upon the 
written application of such master, agent, or owner, which applica- 
tion shaU be accompanied by an affidavit that the proper equipment 
is on board, may issue the same, stating the number of extra passen- 
gers the boat may carry with safety, the route she may run, and the 
Idnd and extra number of life-saving appliances with which she is 
provided. The permit, wdien used, shall be framed under glass and 
exposed to the view of the passengei^, in connection with the certin- 
cate of inspection. (Sec. 4466, R. S.) 

2. Passenger steamers making excursions on the Northern and 
Northwestern lakes, bays, or rivers, or on waters of the Atlantic 
and Pacific coasts and rivers flowing into the same, and rivers whose 
v/aters flow into the Gulf of Mexico, shall have, in addition to their 
regular life-saving equipments, a life preserver (or float where the 
same is allowed by law), made in accordance with the rules of the 
board, or their equivalent in other approved life-saving appliances, 
for each additional passenger allowed. (Sec. 4466, R. S.) 

Rule IX.— Barges. 

Section. 

Car ievry steamers, equipments required on 2 

Excursion barges, life-saving equiDmen t required on 3, 4 

Ferry barges, doors to be unlocked on cars on 2 

Passenger barges, life-saving equipments required on 1 

Towed barges, life-saving equipments required on 2 

1. Barges carrying passengers on any routes shall have a life pre- 
server or float for each and every person allowed to be carried, and 
in addition thereto shall be supplied v/ith 10 buckets, 2 barrels of 
not less than 40 gallons each, and 3 axes, 1 hand fire pump capable 
of discharging 100 cubic inches of water at each stroke, and suffi- 
cient length of regulation hose to reach to all parts of the vessel, and 2 
yawl boats of not less than 120 cubic feet capacity each, equipped 
w^ith 4 oars each. 

All barges carrying passengers shall be inclosed by a good and 
substa^ntial rail not less than 3 feet high. (Sec. 4492, R. S.) 

2. All barges in tow of steamers used for transferring persons on 
any lake, bay, sound, or river shall- be provided wdth the same life- 
saving appliances as required for passenger steamers. 

All towed barges used for transferring railroad passenger cars on 
any lake, bay, sound, or river, with passengers in cars, shall be 
required to have the same life-saving appliances as required by sec- 
tion 1 of this rule. 

All car ferry steamers engaged in transferring passenger cars, with 
passengers in cars, shall be equipped as ferryboats, excepting that 
the number of life preservers required shall equal the number of per- 
sons carried : Provided, That w^here wooden life floats are allowed by 
law they may be used instead of life preservers. 

It shall be the duty of the master of any such barge or steamer 
to see that all. of the doors of the cars are unlocked and vestibules of 



I 



115 (IX, 2) 

the cai^s are open while the same ^re on the biirge or steamer, to 
allow the persons so carried free egress at all times. (Sec. 4492, 
R. S.) 

3. All barges carrying excursions under permit and in tow shall 
be required to carry a master, and shall also carry not less than two 
competent men in deck crew for each 500 persons or fraction thereof 
carried on the barge. (Sec. 4463, R. S.) 

4. Every barge carrying passengers in tow and engaged in excur- 
sions shall be supplied with 1 life preserver or 1 float for each pas- 
senger carried, and shall have 10 buckets, 3 axes, and 2 yawl boats 
of not less than 60 cubic feet capacity each, to be carried on deck 
ready to be launched for immediate use or towed in such manner as 
to best aiiord prompt relief in case of accident or disaster. 

Steamers or barges carrymg passengers on excursions shall have 
their extra life-saving appliances and equipments plainly marked with 
the vessel's name, and shall have the life preservers and floats so dis- 
tributed before leaving the wharf or dock as to be at all times wdthin 
easy reach of the persons carried. (Sec. 4492, R. S.) 

Rule X. — Duties of Inspectors. 

Section. 

Boiler coverings, removal of, at annual inspections 4 

Boilers, interior of, to be examined by boiler inspector 5 

Boilers, shells of, to be examined by local inspectors 4 

Casual tie5, local board to repori to supervising inspectors 9 

Excess of steam, inspectors to prosecute for carrying 11 

Fire apparatus to be tested by hull and boiler inspectors jointly 8 

Hydrostatic pressure to be taken by hull and boiler inspectors 8 

Local inspectors of hulls and boilers to take indication of hydrostatic pressure 8 

Local inspectors to examine the shells of boilers 4 

Lock-up safety valves, when to be placed on boilers 11 

Notifications, how sent to local inspectors of adjoining districts 2 

OflBcial records, when they may be examined 12 

Reports, alphabetical list of steamers inspected , officers licensed, and when made . 10 

Reports, annual, of local inspectors, how made 1, 10 

Reports of super^-ising and local inspectors, how and when made public 1 

Sounding apparatus and hand line, deep sea, required on certain ocean steamers. . 8 

Testimony, when it may be obtained through tne supervising inspectors 3 

V\Tiistles, 'steam, location of 7 

1. No supervising inspector shall make his annual report public 
until after the same has been printed and made public b}^ the Depart- 
ment; and, further, no local board, or the clerk thereof, shall make 
public any report without the consent of their supervising inspector 
or that of the Supervising Inspector General. (Sec. 4410, R. S.) 

2. It shall be the duty of the supervising inspectors to inform their 
respective local boards, in writing, of their decisions in cases of 
appeal. Supervising inspectors gi'anting license to a vessel engaged 
in towing to carry persons in addition to its crew, under the act 
approved July 9, 1886, shall notify the local inspectors in whose 
jurisdiction the steamer receiving the permit is engaged, and the local 
inspectors shall keep a record of the same. 

It shall be the duty of local inspectors to notify the local inspectors 
of adjoining districts, through the supervising iiispector, of ail revo- 
cations or suspensions of licenses, and also of the names of all persons 
from whom licenses have been withheld, the names of all steam ves- 
sels neglecting or refusing to make repairs when ordered, and the 



(X, 2) 116 

names of all that have been refused certificates, with the reasons 
therefor. (Sec. 4411, R. S.) 

3. Whenever any inspector shall find it necessary, in conducting 
his investigations or in tne performance of any of his*^diities, to obtain 
testimony from the inspectors of other districts, he shall request the 
same through the supervising inspector. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

4. Local inspectors, at their annual inspections of steam boilers, 
shall remove from the surface of such boilers as are covered so much 
of said covering as ma}^ be necessary to enable them to examine parts 
of the boilers which can not be properly examined from the inside, 
and shall examine in a thorough and careful manner, when practica- 
ble, either externall}^ or internally, all parts of the shell of every 
boiler; and the masters, engineers, and owners of every steam vessel 
shall afford every facility necessary to carry out in the most effective 
and efficient manner the provisions of this section, and in no case 
shall an intermediate inspection be deemed any part of the regular 
annual inspection. (Sees. 4405, 4418, R. S.) " ••;»'" • 

5. It shall be the duty of local inspectors of boilers to thoroughly 
examine the interior of all boilers when it is practicable to do so, to 
see that the braces are in place and of proper size, and to determine 
whether the boilers are in good condition, before granting a certificate 
of inspection, such examinations to be made after the hydrostatic 
pressure has been applied. (Sees. 4405, 4418, R. S.) * ''•* --.>' 

6. It shall also be the duty of the inspectors to compel all floating 
structures, such as steam elevators (propelled by then- own motive 
power), to have their whistles located on the front side of such super- 
structures having an elevation higher than the pilot house of the 
vessels. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) l^- :; 

7. All steam whistles shall be placed not less than 6 feet above the 
top of the pilot house of steam vessels where the height of the smoke- 
stack will admit the attachment of same below its top, when not 
hinged for passing under bridges, except upon steamers navigating 
the Red River of the North, Yidvon and snnilar rivers, and rivers 
whose waters flow into the Gulf of Mexico, and steamers of less than 
100 gross tons, whose steam whistles shaU be placed not less than 
2 feet above the tops of their pilot houses; and all double-end ferry 
steamers, and steamers similarly constructed, shall have a steam 
whistle both fore and aft of the smokestack, or one steam whistle on 
either the starboard or port side of the smokestack, so that the steam, 
when whistle is blown, can be seen from either end of steamer; and it 
shiill bo the duty of insj>ectors to enforce this rule at the annual 
inspection. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

S. It shall be the duty of both the hull ond boiler inspectors to be 
])resent when X\\o boiler is being tested by hydrostatic pressure, and 
the hull inspector, as well as the boiler inspector, shall observe and 
note the indication upon \\\q gauge. 

It shall also be the duty of both the hull and boih^r inspectors to 
examine all ])umps, hose, and other fire apparatus and to see that the 
hose is subjected, to a pressure of 100 poimds to the square inch and 
that the hose couplings are securely fastened in accordance with 
these niles. 

It shall be tlu^ duty of all local inspectors to recjuire all ocean pas- 
senger or freight steamers of 500 gross tons and upward, ancl all 
steamers of 2,000 gross tons and upward navigating the Great Lakes, 



117 (X, 8^ 

except paddle- wheel steamers, to be equipped with, an efficient 
mechanical deep-sea sounding apparatus, in addition to the ordinary 
deep-sea hand lead. (Sees. 4405, 4417, 4418, K. S.) 

9. Local boards shall report forthwith to their supervising inspec- 
tors in detail all accidents of a serious character — such as collisions; 
founderings, sinkings, fires — and all other casualties of interest to or 
affecting the steamboat service in their respective districts. (Sec. 
4405, E. S.) ^ 

10. Local inspectors shall report, for each fiscal year, as soon as 
practicable after the end of each fiscal year, to their supervising 
inspectors, all vessels inspected, arranged according to class and 
grade; all examinations into alleged violations of the laws regulating 
vessels, and the action taken in relation to the same; all investigations 
and decisions by local inspectors; all cases of appeal and the result 
thereof; casualties and investigations of same; the names of all per- 
sons licensed; the names of all vfhose licenses have been suspended 
or revoked; the names of all persons from whom licenses have been 
withheld; and shall render all other annual reports required by the 
regulations of the Department. These reports, together with any 
other annual reports that may be submitted by supervising and local 
inspectors, shall be forwarded by supervising inspectors to the Super- 
vising Inspector General. (Sees. 4410, 4411, R. S.) 

p- 11. When it is known or comes to the knowledge of the local inspec- 
'. tors that any steam vessel is or has been carrying an excess of steam 
beyond that which is allowed by her certificate of inspection, the local 
inspectors in whose district said steamer is being navigated, in addi- 
tion to reporting the fact to the United States district attorney for 
prosecution under section 4437, Revised Statutes of the United States, 
shall require the owner or owners of said steamer to place on the 
boiler of said steamer a lockup safety valve that will prevent the 
carrying of an excess of steam and shall be under the control of said 
local inspectors. 

On the placing of a lockup safety valve upon any boiler, it shall be 
the duty of the engineer in charge of same to blow or cause the said 
valve to blow off steam at least once in each watch of six hours or less, 
to determine whether the valve is in working order, and it shall be 
the duty of the master of such vessel to see that this rule is observed, 
and it shall be the duty of the master and engineer to report to the 
local inspectors any failure of such valve to operate. 

In case no such report is made, and a safety valve is found that has 
been tampered with or out of order, the hcense of the engineer having 
such boiler in charge and the Hcense of the master of such vessel shaD 
be suspended or revoked. 

It shall be the duty of the local inspectors to send a copy of this 
rule to every steamer in their district when said copies are furnished 
by the Department. (Sees. 4418, 4437, R. S.) 

12. All official records and official documents on file in the office of 
SLiiy supervising inspector, or board of local inspectors, after official 
action thereon has been concluded, may be open to public inspection 
and examination: Provided, That such inspection or examination be 
made in the office to which such official records and documents belong. 
(Sec. 4405, R. S.) 



(XI) 118 

Rule XI. — Miscellaneous. 

Section. 

Ball, alarm, required on certain steamers 3 

Cable for communication required on certain steamers - 1 

Code of signals between pilot and engineer on certain waters 10 

Draft of seagoing vessels to be recorded in log book 4 

Fog bell requii-ed 12 

Inflammable articles, certain, prohibited as stores on passenger and pleasure 

steamers ". 4 

Lights on vessels, unauthorized, prohibited 14 

Motor vessels to be provided with whistle blown by compressed air or other power. 2 

Oil below a certain fire test not allowed a.s stores on passenger vessels 5 

Refined petroleum^ how to put up for shipment 7 

Refined petroleum may be carried under certain restrictions 6 

Searchlight, flashing of, into pilot house of passing vessels forbidden. 11 

Signals between pilot and engineer on certain waters 10 

Speaking tube, when required 1 

Telegi-aph, so-called, may be used between pilot house and engine-room 1 

Telephone required between pilot house and engine-room on certain steamers. . . 1 

Whistles blown by compressed air or other power to be used by motor vessels 2 

Whistles, steam, unnecessary'- sounding of, prohibited 13 

Watchmen and lookout for ocean steamers 8 

Watchmen for passenger steamers , 9 

1. Steamers using the gong signals between the pilot house and 
engine room shall have a tube, of proper size, so arranged as to return 
the sound of the gong to the pilot house, and shall also be provided 
with a speaking tube or other device for the purpose of conversation 
between pilot house and engine-room. 

Nothing in the above shall be construed to prevent the use of the 
so-called telegraph now in use for conveying signals from the pilot 
house to the engine-room, but in all cases where the telegraph is used 
the signal shall be repeated back. 

On steamers where the distance is more than 150 feet between 
deck houses, a wire cable shall be stretched betv/een the deck houses 
at all tunes when the vessel is loaded and being navigated, this cable 
to be not less than 5 feet from the deck; and there shall be attached 
at all times to the cable a traveler with a Ime of sufficient continuous 
length to insure its operation, in order that communication between 
both ends of the vessel may be facilitated at all times: Provided, 
That, in addition to the traveler with the endless whip, as many loose 
rings with lanyards attached may be placed on the cable as may be 
deemed necessary by the master in charge of the vessel. Failure to 
have such cable stretched and traveler attached at all times when 
the vessel is loaded and bemg navigated shall be sufficient cause for 
the suspension of the license of the master or officer in charge. 

On all steamers where the distance is more than 150 feet between 
perpendiculars of pilot house and forward part of the engine-room 
there shall be communication by means of a telephone between the 
pilot house and engine-room, such telephone to be mstalled in lieu 
of a speaking tube. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

2. Motor vessels of any tonnage other than steam vessels shall be 
provided with a whistle to be blown by compressed air or other 
power, to give the necessary whistle signals to passing vessels. (Sec. 
4405, R. S.) " 

3. All steam vessels of over 100 gross tons shall have all sleeping 
accommodations equipped with an alarm bell unless there is a watch- 
man always on duty in such apartment or the apartment is so situ- 



119 (XI, 3) 

ated and arranged that the inspectors consider such bell unnecessary 
or dangerous. (Sec. 4405, K. S.) 

4. The master of every seagomg vessel shall, whenever leaving port, 
enter the maximum draft of his vessel m the log book. (Sec. 4405, 
R. S.) 

5. None of the mflammable articles specified m section 4472, 
Revised Statutes, or oil that will not stand a lire test of 300° F. shall 
be used as stores on any pleasure steamer or steamer carrymg pas- 
sengers, except that vessels not carrymg passengers for hire may 
transport gasoluie or any of the products of petroleum for use as a 
source of motive power for the motor boats or launches of such 
vessels. (Sec. 4472, R. S.) 

6. Refined petroleum which will not ignite at a temperature of less 
than 110° F. may, upon routes v/here there is no other practicable 
mode of transporting it, be carried on passenger steamers; but it 
shall not be lawful to receive on board or transport any petroleum 
unless the ovaier or master of the steamer shall have first received 
from the inspectors a permit designating the place or places on such 
steamer in which the same may be carried or stov\^ed, with the further 
condition that the permit shall be eonsDicuouslv posted on the 
steamer. - (Sec. 4472, R. S.) 

7. Refined petroleum shall not in any case be received on board or 
carried unless it is put up in good kon-bound casks or barrels or in 
good metallic cans or vessels, carefully packed in boxes, and the casks, 
barrels, or boxes plainly marked on the heads thereof with the ship- 
per's name, the name of the article, and the degree of temperature 
(Fahrenheit) at which the petroleum will ignite. (Sec. 4472, R. S.) 

8. All steamers navigating the ocean during the nighttime shall 
have a lookout at all times at or near the bow and one watchman in 
each cabin and steerage. (Sec. 4477, R. S.) 

9. All passenger steamers navigating rivers, lakes, h&js, and 
sounds in the nighttime shall have a watchman on each deck below 
the hurricane deck, includmg the cabins, such as are accessible to the 
passengers and crew when under way. (Sec. 4477, R. S.) 

10. Starting, stoyiying, and hacMng signals for steam vessels navigat- 
ing the waters of the eighth and ninth supervising inspection districts. 

The eighth district embraces all the w^aters of the Great Lakes 
north and west of Lake Erie with their tributaries. 

The ninth district embraces all the waters of the River St. Law- 
rence, Lakes Erie, Ontario, Champlain, and their tributaries. 

There shall be used betvreen the master or pilot and engineer the 
following code of signals, to be made by bell or whistle, nameh": 

1 wliistle or 1 bell Go ahead. 

1 whistle or 1 bell Stop. 

2 whistles or 2 bells Back. 

3 whistles or 3 balls Check. 

4 whistles or 4 bells Strong. 

4 whistles or 4 bells All right. 

Two whistles or two bells shall always mean back, irrespective of 
other signals previously given. 



(XI, 10) 120 

^ The signals between the pilot house and engine-room on Alaskan 
rivers shall be as follows : 

When at rest, 1 jingle Stand by. 

1 stroke of gong Ahead full speed. 

2 strokes of gong Astern full speed. 

1 stroke of gong Stop when going 

ahead or astern. 

1 stroke of gong and 1 jingle Ahead half speed. 

2 strokes of gong and 1 jingle Astern half speed. 

When going astern or ahead half speed, 1 jingle Full speed. 

When going astern or ahead full speed, 1 jingle Half speed. 

When going ahead or astern, any speed, 2 jingles Very slow. 

(Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

11. Any master or pilot of any steam vessel v^ho shall flash or 
cause to be flashed the rays of the searchlight into the pilot house of 
a passing vessel shall be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be 
liable to have his license suspended or revoked. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

12. The efficient fog bell required upon vessels by law shall be held 
to m^ean a bell not less than 8 inches in diameter from outside to out- 
side, and constructed of bronze or brass or other material equal 
thereto in tone and volume of sound, and located where the sound 
shall be the least obstructed. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

13. Unnecessary sounding of the steam whistle is prohibited 
within any harbor limits of the United States. Whenever any 
licensed officer in charge of any steamer authorizes or permits such 
unnecessary wiiistling, upon conviction thereof before any board 
of inspectors having jurisdiction, such officer shall be suspended from 
acting under his license as the inspectors tr3ang the case may deem 
proper. (Sec. 4405, R. S.) 

• 14. Any master or pilot of an}^ steam vessel who shall authorize 
or permit the carrying of any light, electric or otherwise, not required 
by l&w, on the outside structure of the cabin or hull of the vessel that 
in any way w^ill interfere with distinguishing the signal lights shall, 
upon conviction thereof before any board of inspectors having juris- 
diction, be deemed guilty of misconduct and shall be liable to have 
his license suspended or revoked. (Sees. 4405, 4450, R. S.) 



BULES OF PRACTICE FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF SUPERVISING 
AND LOCAL INSPECTORS OF STEAM VESSELS IN TRIALS OF 
LICENSED OFFICERS OF VESSELS. 

I. Suspension and Revocation of Licenses. 

1. The inspector shall, when the charges have been duly filed 
against a licensed officer of vessel, furnish the accused with a copy 
thereof, setting forth specifically their character and the section of 
the statutes or the rules of the board that have been violated. 

2. Subpoenas shall be in the prescribed form, one copy of which 
shall be furnished each witness. 

3. All testimony shall be reduced to writing. The accused shall 
be permitted to cross-examine witnesses, and in case of exceptions 
to questions for any cause the inspectors shall note the exceptions in 
the margin of the deposition. The deposition shall be sworn to 
before an officer authorized to administer oaths. 



121 (I) 

4. The accused may have the hearing of the case continued upon 
the presentation of reasons satisfactory to the board, and the board 
may, in hke manner, continue the hearing from day to day. 

5^. During the trial the witnesses shall be examined separately, but 
if the accused is also a witness he shall not be subject to this rule. 

6. At any time before the conclusion of the evidence the charge 
or charges, if being tried on charges, may be amended, notice of said 
amendment being furnished to the accused of the nature of such 
amendment, but no amendment shall be permitted after the conclu- 
sion of the evidence. 

7. Where the witnesses reside in a district other than that in which 
the accused is being tried, a certified copy of the charges, together 
with such interrogatories as the inspectors desire to propound, may 
be forwarded to the inspectors of the district where the witnesses 
reside, and said inspectors shall examine the vvitnesses in the same 
manner as prescribed in section 3 of this rule. 

8. The testimony thus taken shall be forwarded to the inspectors 
investigating the case and read as evidence in the cause, the same as 
though such testimony had been taken by the inspectors trying the 
same. 

9. The inspectors shall furnish the accused with a statement in 
writing of their fmding in the premises. 

10. No copy of testimony or other matter obtained in any inves- 
tigation held by any board of local inspectors shall be given out, but 
a copy of testimony taken at a trial by any board of local inspector 
shall be given to the accused or his representative when request for 
same is made. (Sees. 4448, 4449, 4450, R. S.) 

11. Appeat. to Supervising Inspectors. 

1. The supervising inspector, upon notice of an appeal from the 
decision of the local board, provided said notice of appeal shall be 
made within 30 days from the date of the decision of the local board, 
shall give notice in writing to said local board to forward a certified 
copy of their decision, together with the charges and all evidence in 
writing on file in their office. 

2. The supervising inspector shall then proceed to investigate the 
case under tne same rules prescribed for the trial of the accused by 
the local board. 

3. The testimony taken before the local board may be considered 
by the supervising mspector for the purpose of determining whether 
the finding of the local board is justified by the evidence, and ho shall 
have power to remand the same for explana^tion or correction. 

4. IJpon the conclusion of the case the supervising inspector shall 
furnish the appellant with a notice of his finding in hke manner as 
prescribed for local inspectors. (Sec. 4452, R. S.) 



RULES OF OEDER. 

[Adopted at the special meeting held June, 1871: amended January 29, 1885.] 



I. The president shall take the chair at the hour appointed, a 
quorum being present, and shall call the board to order, when the 
secretar}^ shall read the proceedings of the preceding day, wliich, if 
correct, shall be approved, and the following order of business bo 
observed : 

First. Presentation of communications by districts. 
Second. Motions and resolutions. 
Third. Presentation of memorials and petitions. 
Fourth. Keports of committees of the board. 
Fifth. Miscellaneous business. 

II. The president shall preserve decorum and order; he shall pro- 
nounce the decision of the board on all subjects, and shall decide all 
questions of order without debate, unless, entertaining doubts on the 
point of order raised, he may call for the sense of the board; he may 
speak on points of order only, rising from his seat ; he may also on any 
other occasion call any member to the chair, and while on the floor 
he shall have the privilege of entering into any debate on any ques- 
tion before the board; such substitution, however, shall not extend 
beyond an adjournment. An appeal may be made from the decision 
of the president by any two members, on which no member shall 
speak more than once without leave of the board. 

III. Any member who shall deliver his opinion or speak in any 
debate shall rise in his place and respectfully address the president, 
and shall confine himself to the question under debate, and avoid 
person ahty. If two or more members rise to speak at the same time, 
the president shall decide who shall speak first. 

ly. No member shaU speak more than twice on the same question 
without leave of the board, nor more than once until every member 
choosing to do so shall have spoken. 

V. If a member, while speaking, is called to order by the president 
or by any other member, he shall cease speaking until it is determined 
whether he is in order or not, and the objectionable words shall, if 
required, be reduced to writing. 

VI. No motion shall be debated or open for discussion or decision 
until the same has been seconded, and it shall be reduced to writing 
if desired by the president or any member. 

VII. When a question is before the board no motion shall be 
received but to adjourn, to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, 
to postpone to a certain day, to commit, to amend, which several 
motions shall have precedence in the order they here stand arranged. 

VIII. A motion to adjourn shall always be in order, and shall bo 
decided without debate. When a question is postponed indefinitely, 

(122) 



123 (VIII) 

the same shall not bo acted upon again or reconsidered during the 
session of the board. 

IX. When the yeas and nays shall be called on any question, which 
may be done when three members requu-e it, the secretary shall call 
the names of the members by districts, commencing with the first, 
when the members present shall answer affirmatively or negatively as 
their names are called, unless they shall be excused by the board: 
Provided J however, That the yeas and nays shall always be called upon 
the adoption of a rule or device requirmg the approval of the Secre- 
tary of Commerce. The absentees and those not voting shall also be 
recorded. 

X. Any member may caU for the division of a question when the 
sense will admit of it. 

XI. When a blank is to be filled, and different sums, numbers, or 
times shall be proposed, the question shall first be taken on the highest 
sum or number and on the longest or latest time. 

XII. When the reading of any paper or other matter is called for, 
and the same is objected to by any member, it shall be determined by 
a vote of the board. 

XIII. Every member of the board present shall vote on all ques- 
tions unless excused by the board and all questions shall be. decided 
by a majority of votes, except in cases otherwise provided. 

XIV. No motion for reconsideration shall be received unless made 
by a member and seconded by another who voted in the majority on 
the question. 

XV. AU committees shall be appointed by the president unless 
otherwise ordered by the board on motion, in Vvhich case they may be 
appomted by ballot or viva voce. 

XVI. Before putting the question the president shall ask: ''Is the 
board ready for the question T' If no member rise to speak, and a 
majority of the board are ready for the question, the president shall 
put the question; and after doing so, no member shall speak upon it. 

XVII. If a pending question be lost by adjournment of the board 
and revived on the succeedmg day, no member who shall have spoken 
upon it twice on the preceding day shall be permitted again to speak 
on it without leave. 

XVIII. When a motion is made to lay on the table the question 
shall be taken without debate. 

XIX. Any one or more of the foregoing standing rules may bo 
altered or amended when a majority of the board shall so determine, 
provided a motion to alter, amend, or change shall have been at least 
one day before the board. 

XX. All cases of order not herem provided for shall be governed, 
in the discretion of the board, by the best uses in like cases, particu- 
larly such as prevail in the Congress of the United States. 

XXI. The board shall, at every session, elect one of its members ab 
secretary. 



IHSTEUMENTS, MACHINES, AND EQUIPMESTTS APPROVED FOE 
USE ON STEAM VESSELS. 

[Year in which approved is given in parentheses.] 
LIFEBOATS. 

Aniello lifeboat. (1895.) 

P. R. Beaupre, Metropolis, lU,, automatic self-righting and bailing 
lifeboat. (1872.) 

Burke, Wise & Co.'s lifeboat lowering and launching apparatus. 
(1878.) 

Baswitz lifeboat. (1897.) 

Brude lifeboat, Konrad Furobotn, Seattle, Wash. (1913.) 

Dickinson's self-righting lifeboat. (1881.) 

Dean & Co.'s improved diagonal lifeboat. (1883.) 

Dobbin's lifeboat. (1885.) 

Dobbin's metallic lifeboat.^ (1888.) 

Thomas Drein & Sons, Wilmington, Del., corrugated metallic life- 
boat, when fitted with suitable bottom boards of usual form to pre- 
vent the bulging of the floor plates by falling timbers. (1900.) 

J. Walter Douglas, lifeboat. (1893.) 

Eddy's patent sea lifeboat. (1883.) 

Englehardt collapsible (folding) lifeboat. The Englehardt Collap- 
sible Lifeboat Co., Long Island City, N. Y. (1904.) 

George Judson's lifeboat. (1878.) 

International Automatic Lifeboat Co., Chicago, 111., and Portland, 
Me. Metallic lifeboat. (1911.) 

Lundin decked lifeboat, Welin Davit and Lane & De Groot Co., 
Long Island City, N. Y. (1912.) 

O. R. Ingersoll, self-righting and self-bailing lifeboat. (1887.) 

Mayo Rescue lifeboat, R. D. Mayo, Muskegon, Mich. (1901.) 

Mayo Junior lifeboat, Robert D. Mayo, jr., Hopkins Station, Mich 
(1904.) 

F. L. Norton's lifeboat; boats to be built of yeUow metal. (1887.) 

W;. J. Nunan's lifeboat, Buffalo, N. Y.^ (1897.) 

Richardson's self-righting and self-bailing lifeboat. (1884.) 

Mr. Stoddars's self-righting and self-bailing lifeboat. (1872.) 

Shear's self-bailing and self-righting boat. (1873.) 

William H. Taylor's lifeboat. (1894.) 

Loring W. Myers's lifeboat. (1905.) 

LIFEBOAT DISENGAGING APPARATUS. 

Boat automatic releasing device, presented by Bouchard & Killian, I j 
Milwaukee, Wis. (1909.) ^ * ' 

Coston boat-releasing gear, Coston Signal Co. (Inc.), New York, 
N. Y.^ (1911.) 

Duinkers boat-releasing device. Royal Dutch West-India Mail, 
New York, N. Y. (1909.) 

(124) 



125 

Gaertner boat-releasing hook, K. A. Gaertnor, Seattle, Wash. 
(1911.) 
Hunt automatic boat-releasing device, Charles Hunt. New York, 

N. Y. (1909.) 

J. J. Ha^dside, jr., San Francisco, Cal. Boat-releasing hook. (1911.) 

William J. Huff, Toronto, Canada. Boat-releasing hook. (1912.) 

Interisland disengaging boat hook, presented by Capt. A. Tullett, 
Honolulu, Hawaii; approved for use only in Hawaiian waters. (1909.) 

Jacques boat-releasing appliance, Damase Jacques, Detroit, Mich. 
(1913.) 

^lills patent boat-disengaging gear, presented by William Mills Co. 
(Ltd.), Sunderland, England. (1906.) 

Murrav boat-disengaging apparatus, A. Luckhurst, New York, 
N. Y. (1909.) 

New England Navigation Co.'s standard boat-disengaging gear. 
(1906.) 

Ravmond boat-releasing apparatus, presented bv James E.. Ray- 
mond, New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

Boat-detaching device, presented by Henry E. Rottmer, Washing- 
ton, D. C, approved only when installed with the lever fitted so as to 
be conveniently operated by the officer of the boat. (1906.) 

Randle patent boat-disengaging apparatus, presented by the New 
York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, N. J. (1907.) 

Semple & Ward boat-disengaging apparatus, presented by Capt. 
Allen Luckhurst, International Navigation Co., New York, N. Y. 
(1907.) 

Boat-detaching hook, presented bv Chas. E. Wicks, Norfolk, Va. 
(1909.) 

Young's lifeboat releasing device, presented by Kinnev Bros., 
Buffalo, N. Y. (1909.) 

WHISTLES FOR MOTOR VESSELS. 

Electro-corno whistle, presented bv The Elkhart Drv Batterv & 
Signal Co., Ellvhart, Ind. (1910.) ^ ^ ] 

Ever Ready electric horn, for use on motor boats, the American 
Ever Ready Co., New York, N. Y. (1911.) 

Holtzer-Cabot electric horn, The Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co., Brook- 
line, Mass. (1909.) 

Jones electric horn, presented by Joseph W. Jones, New York, N. Y. 
(1910.) Any other like device equally efficient is allowed for use. 

Klaxon warning signals, electric and hand actuated, for use on 
motor vessels, presented by Miller R. Hutchinson, New York, N. Y. 
(1909.) Any other deface equally efficient also allowed for use. 

Mesco electric horn, presented by the Manhattan Electrical Supply 
Co., New York, N. Y. (1911.) 

Sireno warning signal, presented bv The Sireno Co., New York, 
N. Y. (1911.) 

LIFE RAFTS. 

American Flexible Life Raft Co. (1877.) 
Ammen metallic balsa or life raft. (1895.) 
Anderson and Bailey, San Francisco, Cal. (1910.) 
M. A. Bryson's deer-hair life raft. (1877.) 



126 

Beasley's life raft. (1881.) 

Hon. H. C. Calkin's (New York) metallic raft. (1872.) 

Clark's life raft, care Detroit Shipbuilding Co., Detroit, Mich. 
(1873, 1910.) 

J. A. Cone. (1875.) 

J. A. Cone's life raft (Drein & Son), Wilmington, Del. (1886.) 

Columbia life raft, Churchman & Groves, Philadelphia, Pa. (1886.) 

Chamber's life raft. (1888.) 

Cariey life float, Carley Life Float Co., M. T. Whiton, president. 
(1901.) 

Davis's life raft. (1877.) 

Frazee Life Kaft Co., New York, metallic raft. (1872.) 

Griffith life raft. (1890.) 

Edwin A. Hay's life raft. (1883.) 

Emmett Harding's combined life raft and settee, when cylinders 
are constructed of metal. (1884.) 

Hussey life raft. (1894.) 

O. R. Ligersoll, New York, metallic raft. (1872.) 

O. R. IngersoU's life raft, canvas cylinders covered with rattan, 
when provided with cross braces and air-tight valves for determining 
its air-tight condition. (1884.) 

O. R,. IngersoU's life raft composed of two cylinders made of cane 
and filled with block cork. (1887.) 

David Kahnweiier's metallic life raft, New York, N. Y. (1888.) 

Le Due Tule Improvement Co. 's life raft, San Francisco, CaL 
(1886.) 

Lane & De Groot, Brooldyn, N. Y., metallic life raft. (1898.) 

Matson life raft, H. J. Matson, Boston, Mass. (1909.) 

Miller's life-saving raft. (1881 .) 

Moran Bros. Co., Seattle, Wash., metalhc life raft. (190^.) 

Ogden's life raft. (1874.) 

Rider's life raft. (1877.) 

Robert Roberts's metallic raft. (1884.) 

Lewis H. Raymond's life raft. (1881.) 

L. H. Raymond, the Reliance metallic life raft, New York, N. Y. 
(1896.) 

W. S. Rav Manufacturing Co., San Francisco, CaL, metallic life 
raft. (19060 

Jolm T. Smith's metallic life raft, when the cylinders are provided 
with water-tight bulkheads placed not over 2 feet apart. (1884.) 

John T. Smith's life raft, when constructed of galvanized iron of 
not less than 24 wire gauge, Birmingham standard, in thickness. 
(1885.) 

Torrey & Co. (1872.) 

Woolsey's life buoy. Rated far two persons, for lake, bay, and 
river, when made, as at present, of 52 pounds of cork, and in that 
proportion when containing a greater amount of cork. (1881-1883.) 

F. H. Ward's metallic folding life raft. (1897.) 

Welin Davit and Lane & De Groot Co., New York, N. Y. Metallic 
life raft. (1911.) 



^1 



127 

LIFE rRESGRVERft. 

Armstrong Bros. & Co., Pittsburgh, Pii., compressed gi*anulatecl 

cork life preserver. (1885.) 

ABC life belt (balsa wood), presented by the Ijane & De Groot Co., 

New York, N. Y. (1909.) 

A B C life preserver (balsa wood), presented by the Welin Davit, and 

Lane & De Groot Co., Long Island City, N. Y. ' (1912.) 

Absolute Fh-eproofing Co. (Inc.), New York^ N. Y. Life preserver 

made of butts flags. (1911.) 

Br3^son's deer-hair life preserver. (1877.) 

H.' Brunswig, life-saving buoy, Hoboken, N. J. (1898.) 

Butz block-cork life preserver, A. L. Butz Cork Co., Philadelphia, 

Pa. (1905.) 

E. Clark, cork life preserver. (1872.) 

George Clark, jr., life preserver. (1878.) 

Eliza R. CogsweU, life preserver invented by. (1883.) 

Jamo.s S. Dunant's Calitornia tule life preserver. (1884.) 

Godfrey & Boyce's life preserver. (1875.) 

J. B. Hamilton's life preserver, Springfield, Mass. (1901.) 

Dr. Charles Hunt's life preserver, New York, N. Y. (1907.) 

O. E. Ingersoll, cork life preserver. (1872.) 

Kahnweiler's never-sink life preserver. (1874.) 

D. Kahnweiler & Son's pressed-cork life preserver. (1894.) 

Le Due Tule Improvement Co.'s life preserver. (1886.) 

C. M. Lane, of the Lane & De Groot Co., Long Island City, N. Y., 

the Ravenswood life preserver. (1904.) 

C. S. Merriman, rubber life-saving dress. (1877.) 

Joseph K. McCammon, the Le Due. (1887.) 

Morrison Life Belt Co., St. Louis, Mo., cork life preser^^er. (1904.) 

National Cork Co., life preserver, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1904.) 

Fitch Ile}molds's cork life preserver. (1879.) 

J. A. Seamans, cork life preserver. (1872.) 

M. A. Scott, cork life preserver. (1872.) 

John T. Smith's life preserver, New York. (1892.) 

The Edward Maynard life preserv^er, presented bv Jolm T. Smith, 

New York. (1887.) 

United Indurated Fibre Co., Lockport, N. Y. (1908.) 
Upson-Walton Co., solid cork life preservers, Cleveland, Ohio. 

(1905.) 

White & Hay's cork life jacket. (1878.) 

LINE-CARRYING GUNS AND PROJECTILES. 

Cunningham self -line-carrying rocket. (1890.) 

Cunnmgham smaU rocket for vessels of 500 tons and over 100 tons. 
(October 9, 1891.) 

Hunt's line-carrying gun, large. (1890.) 

Hunt's Ime-caiTying gun, small. Mav be used on all vessels from 
100 to 500 tons. (1890.) 

Hunt gun, No. 2, 20 mches long, 2^- inches diameter of bore. May 
be used on steam vessels from 100 to 500 tons when the ffun is con- 
structed in all its parts of material same as used in the large Hunt 
gun already approved by this board. (1893.) 



128 

International line-carrying gun No. 3, George Murch, New York, 
N. Y. (1909.) 

Lyle line-carrying gun. (1890.) 

Lyle life-saving shoulder gun may be used on all vessels not exceed- 
ing 300 gross tons. (1906.) 

Gun and self-anchoring projectile carrying a life line, presented by 
Meyer & Rogers, Seattle, Wash. (1907.) 

Meyer-Eogers line-carrying gun No. 2, Meyer-Rogers Projectile Co., 
NewYork, N. Y. (1909.) 

Equipment for the Meyer-Rogers line-carrying guns Nos. 1 and 2, 
Meyer-Rogers Projectile Co., New York, N. Y. (1909.) 

Semple line shot tracer, presented by John B. Semple, Pittsburgh, 
Pa. (1907.) 

United States Life-Saving Equipment Co., Boston, Mass. Illumi- 
nated double line-carrymg shot. (1911.) 

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS. 

Liquid chemical fire extinguishers approved for use on steamers 
carrjdng passengers: 

Accurate (1905), Acme (1905), Alert ^ (1909), Arctic (1909), Atlas ^ 
(1912), Babcock No. 1^ (6 gallons, 1905), Badger ^ (1905), Boyd 
Marine (1905), Bradford (1908), Bonner ^ (6 gallons, 1910), Buscoba ^ 
(same as Alert, 1909), No. 5 Bonner (5 gallons, 1911), Pony Bonner 
(1911), Childsi (1905), Columbia (1905), Competitor (1905), Crescent 
(1906), Conqueror (1909), Coston ^ (1911), Cascade (1913), Diggs 
Automatic (1905), Diggs Upright (1905), Durkee^ (1911), Ecnarusni 
(1905), Ever Ready (tank made of seamless steel, tested to 600 
pounds to square inch, 1907), Ever Ready ^ (18 gallons, 1911; 3 
gallons and 25 gallons, 1912), Eastman (1907), Electrene ^ (1912), 
Electric ^ (1912), Gold Medal (Stempel Co., 1905), Gold Medal No. V 
(1911), Handlers Cageless (1905), Holloway (1905), Hale ^ (same 
as Alert, 1909), Hayward ^ (1910), Hansen (1913), Improved Stand- 
ard (1905), Insurance (Stempel Co., 1905), Insurance (1905), Inter- 
national (1905), Johnston (1908), Keystone ^ (1905), Little Giant (of 
the pump type and 3-gallon capacity, 1905), Ko-Jen-Si auxiliary 
fire appliance (1908), Kanawha (1909), La Prudencia (3 gallons, 1911), 
Marine Rex (1905), Metropolitan (1905), Metropolitan No. 2 (1905), 
Minimax(1905; li-gallon machme, rated at 2 J gallons, 1907, Improved, 
copper, double riveted; two sizes, IJ and 2 1- gallons, 1911), Monarch 
(1906), Magic 1 (1913), National Standard (1905), National (1906), 
New York (1907), Northern ^ (1912), Patrol (1905), Phoenix (1905), 
Protector 1 (1908), Pyrene ^ (1908), Peerless ^ (same as Alert, 1909), 
Perfect (size 3, seamless steel, 1910), Premier (1910), Paragon^ (3 
gallons, 1911), Quick Action (1905), Queen (1907), Railway and 
Marine 1 (1905), Regina (1905), Rex (1905), Royal ^ (1905), Rescue 
(1910), Red DeviP (1913), Reliable ^ (1913), Salvage ^ (1905), 
Standard (1905), Stempel ^ (1905), Seagrave Model (1908), Sieben 
chemical fu-e-extinguishing hose nozzle (1908), Safety^ (1910), Suc- 
cess ^ (3 gallons, 1910), B Safe Guard ^ (3 gallons, 1911), Sentry^ 
(1912), Simplex 1 (1912), No. 4 Traveler (one of not less than 2J 

iHas demonstrated before the Board of Super\ising Inspectors a capacity for extinguishing burning 
gasoline. 



129 

gallons or two of 7-qiuirt size may be used, 1911) , Underwriters (1905), 
Underwriters Xo. 6' (1911), United States (1905), United States 2d 
style (1905), Utica No. 2 (without hose, 1905), Utica No. 3 (without 
hose, 1905), Utica No. 7 (^^'ith stopcock and without hose, 1906), 
Utica No. 8 (with stopcock and without hose, 1906) , Universal (1907), 
Victor (1905), Washington (same as Standard, 1905), and Yost 
(1908). 

^IcLauglilin chemical fii'e pail, liermetically sealed, of 3 gallons 
each; 2 allowed for use in lieu of one 24-gailon chemical fire extin- 
guisher and 4 m lieu of 12 ordinary water pails. (1909). 

Fu'e extmguishers approved for use, but not allowed as substitute 
for the fu'o extmguishers required by section 16, Rule lY: 

American (1905), Excelsior (1905), Ever Ready Standpipe System 
(1907), Eclipse (dry dust, 1909), Fyricide (1905), Firex (dry powder, 
1913), Motor Rex (1905), Nevermyss (without hose, 1905). 

TANKS. 

American fire-bucket tank containing 25 gallons of chendcal liquid, 
and six 10-quart buckets. (1909.) 

Safety fire-bucket tank. No. 1, contaming six 10-quart buckets, and 
No. 2, containing six 14-quart buckets, with chemical preparation^ 
(1910.) 

APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRE IN COMPARTMENTS OF 

STEAMERS. 

Clayton fu'e-extinguishing system. (1905.) 
Grinnell automatic sprmkler. (1909.) 
Grimm fire-ex tinguishing s^^st em . (1911.) 
Ilarker fire-extmguishing system. (1913.) 

STEAM PUMPS. 

Coil's smgle-suction steam siphon, presented by ^Ii'.Coli, Pittsburgh, 
Pa. (1872.) 

Coil's improved steam siphon pump. (1874.) 

Hall's duplex steam pump. (1889). 

Landsell's double-suction steam siphon, presented by H. S. Land- 
sell, New York. (1872.) 

A. Sluthouer, New Philadelphia, Ohio, fire and bilge pump. (1872.) 



Sheriff's steam siphon pump. (1875.) 
Yan Duzen & Tift's steam ie^ 



jet pump, for use as a steam fire pump 
on steamers of 100 tons and under. (1884.) 



SAFETY VALVES. 



Common lover valve. (1884.) 
H. G. Ashton, East Cambridge, ^Mass. (1872.) 
Ashcroft's safety valve. (1877.) 

American Steam Gauge Co., Boston, Mass.; American spring safety 
valve. (1885.) 



1 Has dcraonstrated before the Board of Supervising Ins-rectors a capacity for eMtinguishing burning 
gasoline. 

85797°— 13 9 



130 

Adiims spring safety Viilvo, munufaciurod by Tlumuis Adams & Co.^ 
Manchostor, Eni^lana; presented by Luther D. Ixn^ekin, Camden, 
N.J. (1903.) 

Case & Bailey, Detroit, Mich. (1872.) 

Cockburn's safety valve. (1877.) 

Crosbv's safety valve. (1877.) 

Ge()7'(fe E. Collyer, safety valve. (1883.) 

Consolidated Safety Valve Co., New York, N. Y.; pop safetv valves, 
Kiehardson & Co., Troy, N. Y. (1872.) 

Crosby & JMeady, pop safety valve. (1888.) 

J. M. Coale's pop safety valve and muffler. (1894.) 

Crane pop safety valvo, presented by the Crane Co. (1895.) 

Dry Dock Engme Works, Detroit, Mich. (1873.) 

Spiino'-loaded safety valve, presented by James W. Elwell & Co., 
New Yoi'k, N. Y., manufactured by Lethuillier & Phiel, llouen, 
France. (1904.) 

Ilodgin's safety valve. (1877.) 

Herreshoff Manufacturing (^o., pop safety valve. (1883.) 

HalFs incased safety valve, when lever is permanently attached to 
valve casing. (1889.) 

Norman Ij. Haydon, Columbus, Ohio, Tippet sprhig safetv valvo. 
(1903.) 

The N. L. ITa3"den IManufactuiing (\)., Columbus, Ohio, Hercules 
spring-loaded safety valve. (1904.) 

E. B. Kunkle, spring-loaded safety valve. (1886.) 
I. T. Kearns, ])op safetv valve. (1893.) 

J. D. Lynde, Philadelplua, Pa. (1872.) 

F. Lunkenheimer, safety valve. (1888.) 

The Lunkenheimer improved pop safety valve. (1896.) 

Lynde safety valve, J. E. Lonergan Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (1910.) 

Morse's safety valve. (1877.) 

A. Orme's sai'ety valve. (1877.) 

W. E. Pierson, pop valve. (1883.) 

R. F. Silliman's safety valve. (1884.) 

Roe Stephens Manufacturing Co., Detroit, ^lich., spring safetv 
valve. (1892.) 

Star Brass Manufacturing Co., pop safety valve. (1898.) 

H. G. Trout, King Iron Works, Buffalo, N. Y., spring-loaded safety 
valve, and allowed a rating of 2 square feet of grate surface of boiler 
to 1 square inch area of valve to June 1, 1904. (1885.) 

Utica ])op safety valve, presented bv the Utica Steam Gauge Co., 
of Franlvf ort , N . Y . (1 900 . ) 

riPE BOILERS. 

[Boilers aiul stoaiii u:ciioiiitors not constructed of riveted iron or steel plates, aiiproved under soctiou 4129, 

Revised Statutes.] 

F. D. Althouse, New York, N. Y. (1889.) 
F. S. Allen, New York, N. Y. (1884.) 

Almy Water Tube Boiler Co., Providence, R. I. (Tvpes A, B, and 
C, 1890; types D and E, 1897; Z type, 1911.) 

George W. Arrowsmith, Fort Niagara, N. Y. (1894.) 
American Fire Engine Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. (1900.) 



131 

Autliontic wator-tubo .boiler, Bugboo & Laycock, Cliicago, 111. 
(1901.) 

Acino boiler, Detroit Water Tube Boiler (\)., Detroit, Mich. ( 1 002.) 

J. L. Aiulerso]!, Seattle, Wash. (1904.) 

Aiiltman & Taylor Machinery (\>., Mansfield, Ohio. Park water- 
tube boiler. (1905.) 

A. Perry Blivin, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1 885.) 

Georo-c B. Brayton, Providence, R. 1. (1885.) 

The Belleyille boilei-, pi-esented by Miers Coryell, of New York. 
(1887.) 

Brigham & Markham, Hartford, (\)nii. (1 889.) 

Braggin's, Rochester Machine Tool Works, Rochest(^r, N. Y. 
(1889.) 

Bowdish, Skaneateles, N. Y. (1890.) 

Jolm E. F. Bartlett, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1891 .) 

Alfred Box & Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (1892.) 

Ira Bradley, Maiden, Mass. (1892.) 

Augustus Bailey, Spuytcn Duyyii, N. Y. (1 893.) 

George D. Bower, Trenton, N. J. (1898.) 

Babcock & Wilcox, New York, N. Y. (1894 ; improved tyi)e, 1911; 
drum type, 1911; drum type, 1912.) 

L. Boyer's Sons, New^ York, N. Y. (1 894, 190 1 .) 

Buschmann & Layman, Baltimore, Md. (1895, 1 897.) 

John Bonner, Tiburon, Cal. (1895.) 

C. R. Benton, Vergennes, Vt. (1896.) 

Buckley ])atent water-tube ])ipc boiler, Rochester Machiiu> I'ool 
Works, Rochester, N. Y. (1896.) 

Barr, Reynolds & Co., Rochester, N. Y.: E. P. dapp boilei* No. 1, 
(1897.) 

George Bolland, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1897.) 

Bretherton boiler, James C. Wignall, Philadelpliia, Pa. (1897.) 

A. J. Beach, Moline, 111. (1898.) 

Joseph G. Brassard, Central Falls, R. T. (1 898.) 

Edward Bounds, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1 898.) 

James IT. Brown, Boston, Mass. (1898.) 

Barr & Creolman, Rochester, N. Y. (1900.) 

W. J. Boland, Chicago, 111. (1900.) 

Bugbee & Laycock, Chicago, III. Autlientic water-tube boiler. 
(1901.) 

Barton Boiler Co., Chicago, 111.; Barton's flash boiler. (1 904.) 

Fred A. Ballin, Portland, Greg. (1906; types Nos. 2 and 8, 1909.) 

The Babcock & Wilcox Co., New York, N. Y.; White-Forster 
steam generator. (1909.) 

B. F. Binnix, Washington, D. C. (1 906.) 
E. W. Bailey, Portsmouth, Va. (1907.) 

Barnes pipe boiler, presented by Pien-(5 Barnes, Seattle, Wash. 
(1909.) 
John P. Badenhausen, Seattle, Wash. (191 1 .) 

C. H. Caswell, Newport, R. I. (1887.) 

Miers Coryell, New York, the Belleville boihu'. (1887.) 
Copeland boiler, when composed in all its parts of wrought iron, 
coy)per, brass, or steel; Northrop Manufacturing Co. (1888.) 
II. B. Gumming, Maiden, Mass. (1889.) 
C. B. Crowley & E. B. Browne, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1 889.) 



132 

Clapp & Jones Maniifactiiring Co., Hudson, N. Y. (1889.) 
Crawford & Saiinier, Newark, N. J. (Passaic, 1890; Gem, 1891.) 
Criiiksliank, Providence, R. I. (1890.) 
E. J. Copeland, New York, N. Y. (1891.) 

Cary's steam generator, changed from Gray's, Providence, R. I. 
(1891.) 
Edward S. Clark, Boston, Mass. (1891, 1895, 1898.) 
Clonbrock Steam Boiler Co., Brooldyn, N. Y. (1891, 1902.) 
Clay & Torbensen, Camden, N. J. (1892.) 
Cole & Reinhart, Camden, N. J. (1892.) 
Louis S. Clark, Pittsbm^gh, Pa. (1893.) 

A. E. Corey, AHegheny, Pa. (1893.) 

Coller Yacht & Engine Works, Detroit, Mich.; Coller sectional 
boiler. (1893, 1895.) 

E. P. Clark, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 

The Coulter & McKenzie Machine Co., Bridgeport, Conn. (1894.) 

Christiansen marine boiler; John A. Duggan, Boston, Mass. (1894.) 

C. R. Cowley, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1895.) 

Baylies C. Clark, New York, N. Y. (1896.) 

J. F. Craig, Toledo, Ohio; Craig water-tube boilers, Nos. 1 and 2. 
(1896.) 

E. P. Clapp boiler No. 1; Barr, Reynolds & Co., Rochester, N. Y. 
(1897.) 

William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa.; Yarrow type No. 2, and 
Niclausse water-tube boiler. (1897.) 

W. T. Clark, Boston, Mass. (1897.) 

Osceola Currier, Newark, N. J. (1897.) 

E. P. Chancellor, Parkersburg, W. Va. (1898.) 

J. Castleman, Brooklyn, N. Y.; T. F. Morrin's pipe boiler. (1898.) 

James Carnegie, New York, N. Y.; Type B. (1899.) 

Peter Cone, Jacksonville, Fla. (1899.) 

Ed Cheetham, Detroit, Mich. (1900.) 

Chas. R. Cowley and Howell C. Cooper, Everett, Mass.; Cowley & 
Cooper boiler. (1901.) ' 

Charles D. Casad, Seattle, Wash. (1902.) 

C, B. Clark, South Brewer, Me. (1902.) 

B. F. Cook, Fort Pierce, Fla. (1902.) 

E. J. Codd, Baltimore, Md.; Smith patent boiler. (1904.) 
Will F. Cook, Oshkosh, Wis. (1906.) 
Fred Cline, Hoquiam, Wash. (1911.) 
E. G. Durant, for using petroleum. (1888.) 
L. D. Davis, Erie, Pa. (1891, 1894, 1898.) 
Anson C. Dearing, Detroit, Mich. (1894.) 
Charles De Yore, Philadelphia, Pa. (1894.) 
J. J. Driscoll, Stapleton, N. Y. (1894.) 
George E. Dow, Seattle, Wash. (1894.) 

John A. Duggan, Boston, Mass. ; Christiansen marine boiler. (1894.) 
J. W. Dawson, Wyandotte, Mich. (1895.) 

E. N. Drouillard, Wyandotte, Mich.; Drouillard water-tube boiler 
No. 1. (1896.) 

Robe;rt Don, Stockton, Cal. (1897.) 

Dearing wa.ter-tube boiler, Detroit, Mich. (1897.) 

Detroit Screw Works, Detroit, Mich.; Taylor boiler. (1898.) 



I 



133 

A. D. Davis, Yonkors, N. Y. (1899.) 

Detroit Water-Tube Boiler Co., Detroit, Mich. (1899.) The Acme 
boiler. (1902.) 

W. E. Dickey, New York, N. Y.; porcupine boiler. (1902.) 

C. F. Davenport, Brooklvn, N. Y., assigned to Empire State Engi- 
neering Co., New York, N.^'Y. (1904.) 

William F. Duval, Jersey City, N. J. (1904.) 

Dobler boiler attachment or water heater; presented by W. R. 
Miller, New York, N. Y. (1906.) 

F. W. Edv^^ards, Bayonne, N. J. (1899.) 

Benjamin P. Emerv, Kennebunkport, Me. (1899.) 

Henry Ernst, New York. N. Y. (1901.) 

A. C."^Evans, Noiiolk, Ya. (1901.) 

Farnie & Geer, S}Tacuse, N. Y.; the Farnie boiler, steam pressure 
to be allowed on such boiler as the bracing will entitle the same to 
carry. (1887.) 

Hugo L. Frederick, copper boiler. (1889.) 

William Fiaggs, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1891.) 

Charles W. Foster, New Haven, Conn. (1892, 1894, 1895.) 

W. S. Fairchild, Newark, N. J. (1892.) 

Walter B. Fowler, Lawrence, Mass. (1892.) 

IT. H. Frederick, New Orleans, La., 3 horsepower. (1893.) 

Thomas Fearon, Yonkers, N. Y. (1893, 1895, 1897.) 

Fenlayson & Ponkins, Detroit, Mich. (1893.) 

John A. Flajole,'Bay City, Mich, (1894.) 

William Flagg, Bayonne, N. J. (1895, 1898.) 

H. E. Frauz, steam generator; presented by J. H. Mittendorff, 
Washington, D. C. (1895.) 

A. W. Finlayson, Detroit, Mich. (1896.) 

Fore River Engine Co., Weymouth, Mass. (1897.) 

Samuel M. Gray, Providence, R. I. (1890, 1896.) 

Goodridge attachment for oil boilers. (1891.) 

Gem boiler, Crawford & Saunier, Newark, N. J. (1891.) 

J. M. Glover, Baldwin, Long Island, N. Y. (1892.) 

James S. Gedeohn, Cleveland, Ohio; pipe boiler. (1892.) 

Griswold pipe generator, Henry Suttor. (1893.) 

E. U. Gibbs, Elmira, N. Y. (1894.) 
C. F. Gallion, Baltimore, Md. (1895.) 

T. W. Godmn & Co., Norfolk, Va. (1896.) 

Gas Engine & Power Co. and Charles L. Seabmy & Co., New 
York, N. Y. (Types E, Alga, and Enterprise, 1898; Kanawha type, 
1899; D improved and E improved, 1903.) See S— Charles L. Sea- 
bury & Co. 

Silken Gallilier, Normal, Ky. (1898.) 

F. G. Gibson, Dorchester, Mass. (1899.) 
Thomas Gowen, Seattle, Wash. (1908.) 
R. J, Galbraith, Albany, Oreg. (1911.) 
HeiTeshoff, Bristol, R. I. (1873, 1878, 1898.) 

S. P. Hedges, Greenport, N. Y. (1885, 1889, 1895.) 
Hazelton Co., v/ater-tube porcupine boiler. (1886.) 
Y. R. Hyde, Portland, Oreg.; the H. Statesmen boiler. (1886.) 
The Hartley boiler; presented by the Pioneer Iron Works, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. (1887.) 

Hohenstein, Newark, N. J. (1890.) 



134 

T. Hansen, Boston, Mass. (1891.) 

E. Hayes, Eociiester, N. Y. (1891.) 

F. Yf . Hyslop, New York, K. Y. (1892.) 
Gardener C. Hawkins, Boston, Mass. (1892.) 

H. J. Hancock, New York, N.Y. ; Howard steam generator. (1893.) 

A. C. Harding, Chicago, III (1893,) 

Henry Haenel, St. Augustine, Fla. (1894.) 

George H. Holmes, Gardiner, Me. (1894.) 

Hampden Hyde, Kociiester, N. Y. (1894.) 

Heine safety boiler, hj E. D. Meier, St. Louis, Mo. (1895.) 

George Harden, Detroit, Mich. (1895.) 

William H. Herbertson, Cadwallader, Pa. (1896.) 

Henry A. House, Bridgeport, Conn. (1897.) 

Henry E. Hull, Clinton, Conn. (1899.) 

George L. Haman, Detroit, Mich. (1901.) 

Gordon H. Hardie, Victoria, British Columbia. (1902.) 

C. W. Hawkes, Chicago, 111. (1906.) 

Frank A. Hensley, San Antonio, Tex.; porcupine boiler. (1906.) 

Hohenstein marine boiler; presented bv Oil City Boiler Works, 
New York,^^. Y. (1907.) 

International Power Co., Providence, B.I. (1900.) 

Ernest A. John's boiler. New York, N. 1' . (1892.) 

J. B. Jardine, San Francisco, Cal. (1894.) 

J. K. Jackson, McKeesport, Pa. (1894.) 

W. E. Jenkins and A. Stokey, Tacoma, Wash. (1900.) 

Geo. E. Jones, Newark, N. J. (1900.) 

Ernest N. Janson, Washington, D. C. (1901.) 

Johnson Service Co., Mib.vaukee, Wis. (1907.) 

John B. Karstendick, New Orleans, La. (1884.) 

Charles L. Kraemer, New York, N. Y. (1898.) 

J. H. King, Daytona, Fla. (1899. Modification, 1900, presented 
by J. B. Sloan, Jacksonville, Fla.) 
"Chas. Kellogg, Athens, Pa. (1900.) 

Geo. Krill & Bro., Baltimore, Md. (1900.) 

Charles H. Kimball, Plattsburg, N. Y.; Kaelma boiler. (1902.) 

C. W. Krotz, New Orleans, La. (1903.) 

Keep & Co., Portland, Oreg. (1904.) 

James W. Kidney, Point Pleasant, 'W. Ya. ; combination water-tube 
and fire-tube boiler. (1912. Improvement, 2 shells, 1913.) 

Lidback Manufacturing Co., Portland, Me. (1890.) 

J. Lacroix and Ed Key, New Orleans, La. (1892, 1898.) 

Laughlen & Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. (1893.) 

John H. Lutz, Michigan City, Ind. (1894.) 

J. H. & J. D. Lucas, St. Louis Mo. (1895.) 

L. W. Loomis, Carrollton, III. (1896.) 

William H. C. Lyons, Philadelphia, Pa. (1896.) 

Paul W. Lichtcnberger, Philadelpkia, Pa. (1897.) 

Luippold Bros., Buffalo, N. Y. (1897.) 

Geo. Lawley & Son Corporation, Boston, Mass. (1900.) 

Harry Lawson, Jerse3^City, N. J. (1900.) 

Joseph C. Lesley, St. Albans, Vt. (1900.) 

S. C. Lighthiil, Allegheny, Pa. (1900.) 

W. S. Lowe, Lima, Ohio. (1900.) 

L. A. Langmaid, Bath, Me. (1901.) 



135 

Harry Lawson, New York, X. Y. (1904.) 

U. G: Lee, Chicago, 111. (1904.) 

Locomotive boiler; presented bv the Locomobile Co. of America, 
Chicago, 111. (1904.) 

Lyons Co. furnace boiler, Depere, Wis.; Bonson type. (1905.) 

E". W. Millard, Troy, N. Y. (1889.) 

C. B. Mosher, Amesbury, Mass. (1891.) 
. McQueen boiler; Sulliyan & Elder, Albany, X. Y. (1891.) 

The Morrin Climax steam generator, Clonbrock Steam Boiler Co., 
Brooklyn, N. Y. (1891. Improved boiler, 1902.) 

T. F^ Morrin's pipe boiler: J. Castleman, Brooklyn, X. Y. (1898.) 

T. F. Morrin, Brooklyn, X^. Y.; horizontal and vertical types of 
water-tube boiler. (1900.) 

Frank Mahoney, X'ew York, X. Y.; a horizontal boiler and a ver- 
tical boiler. (1892.) 

McBride Bros.' boiler, Philadelphia, Pa. (1892.) 

C. McDonagh, Hancock, Mch. (1892.) 

E. A. Magee, Brookljm, N. Y, (1893.) 

Joseph Mohi^ Chicago, 111. (1893.) 

I. G: Morgan, Seattle, Wash. (1894.) 

W. W. Moore, Eugene, Greg. (1894.) 

R. Munroe & Son, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1894.) 

E. D. Meier, St. Louis, Mo.; Heine safety boiler. (1895.) 

J. H. ^littendorff, Washington, D. C; H.'^E. Frauz steam generator. 
(1895.) 

W. J. McCaffrey and Charles Hilbert, Sin^ Sing, X. Y. (1895.) 

John Mohr & Sons, Chicago, 111. (1896.)^ 

August Miller, Jefferson Parish, La. (1897.) 

G. F. Martin, St. Joseph, Mich. (1897.) 

George F. Martin, Benton Harbor, Mich. (1898.) 

George H. Mallett, Westchester, X. Y. (1898.) 

J. W. McQueen, Detroit ]\Iich. (1899.) 

Edward J. Moore, Philadelphia, Pa. (1899.) 

Tug Maytham, Houghton, Mich.; copper fire furnace, special. 
(1899.) 

Walter MacFarlane, Seattle, Wash. (1900.) 

Marine Iron Works, Chicago, 111. (1901.) 

Philip J. Miller, Annapolis, Md. (1903.) 

James McCartney, Mobile, Ala. (1904.) 

Charles D. Moslier, Mosher Water Tube Boiler Co., X^ew York, 
X. Y., twpes A and B. (1904.) 

The W. D. McXaull water-tube boiler, Toledo, Ohio. (1905.) 

Miner flash steam generator, Winthrop Waite, Xew York, X. Y. 
(1907.) 

James J. Morris, X^ashville, Tenn. ; flash boiler. (1910.) 

W. J. Montgomer}^, Detroit, Mich. (1911.) 

X^orthrop Manufacturing Co.; Copeland boiler, Vv^hen composed in 
all its parts of wrought iron, copper, brass, or steel. (1888.) 

X^iclausse water-tube boiler; William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, 
Pa. (1897.) 

Xew York Safety Steam Power Co., Xew York, X^. Y.: the Worth- 
ington boiler. (1891,1897.) 

Xew Tork Shipbuilding Co., Camden, X'. J. (1902.) 



136 

Nott Marine boiler, Nott Fire Engine Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 

'(1906.) 

HarveyT.Nye, Toledo, Ohio. (1908.) 

Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Newport Aews, \ a.; 
tvpe ofThornycroft boiler. (1910.) 

Ofeldt's, Newark, N.J. (1889.) 

Marvin E. Otis, Rochester, N. Y. (1891.) .. ^ ^. -i 

William Oldman, jr., Buffalo, N. Y.; horizontal and vertical boilers-. 

bharles Ogle and James Hall, Jeffersonville, Ind. (1897.) 

F. W. Ofeldt & Sons, Brooklyn N. Y (1901.) 

James E. Orme and Henry H. Orme, St. Paul, Mmn. (1902 ) 

Oil City Boiler Yf orks. New York, N. Y.; Hohenstem marine boiler. 

QOQ7 ) 

August Ofeldt, New York, N. Y.; circular pipe boiler and square 

pipe boiler. (1909.) -, xx .i i -i /icq7\ 

Pioneer Iron Works, Brooklyn, N. Y.; the Hartley boiler. (1887.) 
Passaic boiler, Crawford & Saunier, Newark, N. J. (1890.) 
M. H. Plunkett, boiler, Nos. 1 and 2, Baltimore, Md. (1892.) 
Perkins & Richmond, Grand Rapids, Mich. (1894.) 
Frank Printz, New Orleans, La. (1895.) 
Charles S. Parker, Orange, Tex. (1895.) 
R. C. Price, Allegheny, Pa. (1895.) 

George E. & Charles A. Painter, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1896.) 
William E. Plummer, jr., Buffalo, N. Y. (1896.) 
Joseph Provuncher, East Providence, R. I. (1896, 1898.) 

D. A. Park, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1897.) 
Dr. E. L. Parker, Detroit, Mich. (1898.) 
J. E. Parker, Chicago, III (1900.) 
Archibald Pifer, Braidentown, Fla. (1900.) 
Parker Boiler Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (1901.) . 

Thomas B. Perkins, Grand Rapids, Mich. (1901; improved por- 
cupine boiler, 1903.) . /mAO \ 
S T. Powers, New- Orleans, La.; porcupine boiler. (19UJ.} 
Pearson Manufacturing Co., Allegheny, Pa.; Pittsburgh boder. 

^Park water-tube boiler, by the Aultman & Taylor Machinery Co., 
Mansfield, Ohio. (1905.) 

E. E. Roberts, New York. (1883.) ., ,. -„ • . i -i 
Rochester Machine Tool Works, Rochester, N 1 ; Braggm s boiler 

(1889 1894); Buckley patent water-tube pipe boiler (189b). 

Martin R. Ruble, Newark, N. J. (1891.) 

F. J. Robinson, Detroit, Mich. (1891.) 
D. Rousseau, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 

C. Reinhardt, Baltimore, Md. (1895.) . 

Roberts water-tube boiler, New York, N. Y. (1883); improve- 
ments in boiler (1895); t^-pes F, G, H, and I (1897). 

Roberts water-tube boiler, modification consistmg of chum wuii 
bumped head. (1912.) The Roberts Safety W ater lube Boiler Co., 

Red Bank, N. J. ^ -, -i /-. c^f^n \ 

J. B. Rives, St. Paul, Minn.; W^aterous boiler. (1896.) 
Phil Rohan, St. Louis. Mo.; Western water-tube boiler. (1^98.) 
Jacob Ruf, Newark, N. J. (1899.) 
T. W. Rucker, St. Louis, Mo. (1899.)' 



137 

Erdix Hounds, Owciisboro, Ky. (1900.) 

A. L. Rhodes, Vfest Superior, Wis. (1902.) 

Racine Boat Manufacturing Co., Muskegon, Mich.; Racine water- 
tube boiler. (1904.) 

Risdon Iron Works, San Francisco, Cal. (1904.) 
Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works, San Francisco, Cal. (1910.) 
Josiah Robinson, AYatervliet, N. Y. ^ (1904.) 

C. M. Raymond steam boiler, the Dieter Steam Engine (^o., New 
York, N. Y. (1905.) 

Charles G. Rogers, water-tube boiler (modified form Roberts coil 
boiler), Pittsburgh, Pa. (1905.) 

James J. Rohan, St. Louis, Mo. (1908.) 
Charles A. Rush, San Francisco, Cal. (1909.) 
The Shipman boiler, for using petroleum. (1886.) 
The H. Statesmen boiler, presented by V, R. Hyde, Porthind, Oreg. 
(1886.) 
James B. Stead, sectional w^ater-tube boilers, Nos. 1 and 3. (1888.) 
Charles L. Seabury, Nyack, N. Y. (1889, 1891, 1894, 1895, 1897.) 
See G, Gas Engine & Power Co. and Charles L. Seabury & Co. 
W. J. Sanderson, Syracuse, N. Y. (1890.) 
Harris K. Stroud, Hastings, Minn. (1890.) 
Sullivan & Ehler, Albany, N. Y.; McQueen boiler. (1891.) 
Thomas L. Sturtevant, Boston, Mass. (1891, 1892, 1895.) 
Shortt Duplex Boiler Co., New York, N. Y. (1892.) 
W. D. Smith, Detroit, Mich. (1892.) 

Henry Sutter, Griswold pipe generator and Sutter sectional por- 
cupine boiler. (1893.) 

Stillman Saunders, Providence, R, I. (1893.) 

Seaclirist & Parker, Erie, Pa. (1893.) 

Lewis Saunders, Lawrence, Mass. (1894.) 

Lee H. Stevens, New Albany, Ind. (1894, 1895.) 

B. T. Squier, New York, N. Y. (1895.) 
Yv^iliiam Skelton, jr., Buffalo, N. Y. (1895.) 
Halcyon Skinner, Yonkers, N. Y. (1895.) 

Horace See, New York, N. Y. (1895); improvements Ncs. 1 and 
2 (1904). 

Jacob H. Smith, Baltimore, Md. (1895.) 

Isaac E. Shepardson, Providence, R. I. (1896.) 

Richard Spreckels and Walter J. Wayte, San Francisco. Cal. 
(1898.) 

Charles Stillwell, Hampton, Va. (1898.) 

Wallace Stebbins & Sons, Baltimore, Md. (1900.) 

The Schaffer Machine & Manufacturing Co., Baltimore, Md. 
(1902.) 

George W. Swartz, Deca,tur, Ala.; porcupine boiler. (1902.) 

Emil Santsche, Eureka, Cal.; porcupine boiler. (1903.) 

Salamandrine boiler, manufactured by the Salamandrino Boiler 
Co., Newark, N. J.; presented by H. L. Ricks, Eureka, Cal. (1903.) 

Schwing & Greaud, Gramercv. La. (1904.) 

J. A. Shaw, Newark, N. J. "(1904.) 

Smith patent boiler, presented by E. J. Codd, Baltimore, Md. 
(1904.) 

Stickney safety steam generator, IT. R. Stickuey, Portland, Me. 
(1905.) 



Spokane Machinery Supply Co., water-tube boiler. (1905.) 

Benjamin T. Squier, Brooklyn, N. Y. Towne water- tube boiler. 
(1906.) 

Scott Engine & Construction Co,, 'New York, N. Y. Types A and 
B. (1908.) 

Stanley Motor Carriage Co., Mevvton, Mass. She II is made of steel 
plate wound with steel piano wire. (1912.) 

Stark & Carlyle v/ater-tubo boiler, David Stark and Arthur K. 
Cariyle, San Francisco, Cal. (1912.) 

John M. Sweeney, Chicago, 111. Combination fire-tube and water- 
tube boiler. (1912.) 

G. E. Tregurtha, Boston, Mass. (1890, 1892.) 

Taylor Bros., Trenton, N. J. (1893.) 

B. Louis ToQuet, Westport, Conn. (1893, 1894.) 
H. H. Taylor, Detroit, Mich. (1895.) 

Taylor boiler, Detroit Screw Yv'orks, Detroit, Mich. (1898.) 

Taunton Automobile Co.,Taunton,Mass. ; porcupine boiler. (1903.) 

Tabrett & Lewin, San Francisco, Cal. (1903.) 

Y\. J. Tierney and William Marquez, New Orleans, La. (1895.) 

Winthrop Thayer, Boston, Mass. (1897.) 

Thornycroft boiler. Daring and Speedy types. Thorpe, Piatt & 
Co., New York, N. Y. (1897.) 

Thornycroft boiler, type presented by Newport Nevfs Sliinbuilding 
& Dry Dock Co., Newport Nevfs, Va. (1910.) 

Thornycroft boiler, type designed by Luther D, I^ovekin, of New 
York Shipbuilding Co., Cam.den, N. J. " (1912.) 

W. M. Towers, Rome, Ga. (1897.) 

W. C. Thompson, Philadelphia, Pa. (1897.) 

John Trasher, New Orleans, La. (1902.) 

Wilham R. Thropp, Trenton, N. J. (1906.) 

Towne water- tube boiler, presented by Benjamin T. Squier, Brook- 
lyn, N. Y. (1906.) 

Paul A. Talbot, Seattle, Wash. (1911.) 

N. A. Uren, Juneau, Alaska (1907); modification, N. A. Uren, jr., 
Seattle, Wash. (1912.) 

Emil Volk, New York, N. Y. (1894.) 

J. E. Vincent, Palatka, Fia.; a water-tube boiler and a porcupine 
boiler. (1902.) 

Charles Ward, Charleston, W. Va. (1883); coil boiler and Nayy 
horizontal pipe boiler (1894); Ward's torpedo-boat boiler, W^ard's 
torpedo-boat boiler No. 2, Ward's straight-tube launch boiler (1895); 
Ward's Royal Arch or Niivy boiler (1897). 

Charles E. Ward, Charleston, W. Va. (1912.) 

S. Waterhouse, Boston, Mass. (1884.) 

J. W. Walters & Co., sectional water-tube boiler. (1888.) 

Wadham, 1315 Third Ayenue, New York, N. Y. (1890.) 

Worthington water- tube boiler, New York Safety Steam Power 
Co., New York, N. Y. (1891, 1897.) 

George & James Warrington, Chicago, 111. (1891.) 

C. A. Wilkerson, Lynn, Mass. (1892.) 
Wickes Bros., East Saginaw, Mich. (1893.) 
Warner & Papst, San Francisco, Cal. (1893.) 
George L. Y/right, North Andoyer, Mass. (1894.) 



139 

Samuel T. Williams, Baltimore, J^Id. (1894: modification, 1899 
and 1900.) 

D. Y. Williams, South Haven, :^Iich. (1894.) 
W. Frank W^est, Morris Heights, N. Y. (1895.) 
George Warrington, Cliicago, 111. (1895, 1902.) 
Waterous boiler, J. B. Rives, St. Paul, Minn. (1896.) 
R. Weston & A. M. Lemke, Saginaw, Midi. (1896.) 
George L. Wliittington, Sea Isle Citv, N. J. (1896.) 
Charles P. Willard, Chicago, 111. (1898.) 
Benjamin A. Wvatt, Boston, Mass. (1897.) 
Charles M. Weber, Cincinnati, Oliio. (1897.) 
Watson & Peterson, Kansas Citv, Mo. (1897.) 
Theodore H. Wyman, Sebec, Me. (1897.) 

James C. Wignall, Philadelphia, Pa.; Bretlierton boiler. (1897.) 
Western water-tube boiler; Phil Rohan, St. JLouis, Mo. (1898.) 
Egbert P. Watson, Elizabeth, N. J. .(1898; modification, 1900; 
porcupine boiler, 1903.) 

Robert White, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1899.) 

Beder Wood, Moline, lU. (1899.) 

George S. WoK, West Dover, Ohio. (1901.) 

E. C. Walker Co., LouisviUe, Ky. (1907.) 

White patent steam generator, presented bv The White Garage, 
Cleveland, Ohio.^ (1907.) ^ 

Winthrop Waite, New York, N. Y., the Miner flash steam i^-ener- 
ator. (1907.) 

H. T. Wood, Pittsburgh, Pa. (1908.) 

White-Forster steam generator. The Babcock & Wilcox Co., Nev\^ 
York, N. Y. (1909.) 

1 arrow water-tube boiler. New York, N. Y. (1892.) 

\ arrow type. No. 2, Wm. Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa. (1897.) 

Robert R. Zell & Co., Balfimore, Md. (1894.) 



INDEX 



Page. 

Accident drill on passenger steamers 98 

Accidents, reports of: 

1^ V licensed oilieers 9S 

By local boards 117 

Ada'mson flues. See Flues. 
AIlida\it of manufacture of: 

Fusible plugs 44 

Line-carrying guns 8;^ 

Marine steam boilers 12 

Constructed of material tested at mill 11 

Using stsel braces 41 

Valves and fittings CO 

Air tanks of lifeboats 64 

Alaskan rivers, starting, stopping, and backing 

signals on ....' 120 

American Bureau of Shipping Rules may be ac- 
cepted t 113 

Angle stilleners for curved surfaces 22 

Appeals to supervising inspector in cases of trial 

of licensed officers 121 

Automobiles, transportation of 91 

Axes on passenger vessels 86, 87 

Barges: 

Excursion, regulations regarding 115 

Ferry, life-saving equipment on 114 

Passenger, life-saving and fire-fighting equip- 
ment of 114 

Requirements for 70, 114 

Seagoing, equipments on 70 

Barrels, fire, on passenger steamers 86, 87 

Barstow life raft 78, 79 

Beil. See Fog bell; Signals. 

Bell, alarm, required on certain steamers 118 

Bending test, steel and ii"on boiler plates 10, 11 

Board of Supervising Inspectors, rules of order 

for.... :....: 122 

Boat drill 98 

Boiler coverings, removal of, at annual inspec- 
tions IIG 

Boiler flues. See Flues. 
Boiler plates: 

For repairs or stock, testing of, at mill 9 

Iron- 
Bending test of 11 

Requirements for 11 

Rectuirements for 9-13 

Stamping of 9 

Steel- 
Quenching and bending test of 10 

Requirements for 10 

Testing of 9-11 

At mills 9 

Tests of, record of 10 

Boilers: 

Angle stiffeners for curved surfaces 22 

Approved for use on steam vessels 1,30 

Bumped heads of 17, 52 

Butt straps of 19 

Cast iron and steel in 58, 59 

Combustion chambers and back connections. 42 

Computations of strength of 15 

Concave heads of IS 

Convex heads of 17 

Copper tubes in 52 

Date of building of 44 

Diagonal stays,' area of 39 

Donkey ." 17 

Drav\'ings and specifications for 15, .50 

Drilling of, to determine thickness 17 

Drums of 52 

Extemallv fired, distance of flues of, from 

shells 21 



Page. 
Boilers— Continued. 

Feed water for 54 

Fittings of, material for 59 

Flat surfaces in, stress allovv^able on 42 

Foreign built, admission of, to American reg- 

^ ..istry...., 13 

FusiDle plugs m 44 

Gauge cocks of 44 

Gh'ders used in 42 

Heads of 17, is, 25 

Western rivers 16 

Holes in — 

DriUing of I6. 19 

For pipe connection, reenforcement of '58 

Hydrostatic test of 17, 52 

Presence of both local inspectors at ii6 

Inspected, report of local inspectors on 117 

Inspection of no 

By new engineer 109 

Malleable-iron fittings in 52 

Manholes in shells of 16 

Western rivers 16 

Manufacturers' affidavits regarding 11, 12 

Name plates for '44 

Porcupine type, formula for determining pres- 
sure on 51 

Pressures allov,-abie on — 

Rule for 16 

Rivet holes in lo, 19 

Repairs to, engineer's report on no 

Safety valves for 45 

Lock-up, to prevent excessive steam pres- 
sure 117 

Sea cocks connected vrith 01 

Stays of— 

Manufacturers' affidavit regarding 41 

Maximum pitch of .' 43 

Requirements for 38 

Steam gauges of 45 

Stopcocks for 60 

Thickness of, drilling to determine 17 

Unsafe, engineer's report on 109 

Water gauge of 44 

Water tube 50 

Copper and brass tubes and di-ums in 52 

Drawings for ,50 

Hydrostatic test of .52 

Pi^essure allowable on 51 

Western rivers 10 

Fenders behind SS 

Which have been used for other purposes, use 

of, as marine boilers 10 

Woodwork near, protection of 21, 22 

Boiler shells: 

Cylindrical, pressure allowable on 16 

Inspection of 116 

Boiler-tube sheet, compressive stress allowable 

on 24 

Boiler tubes: 

Lap-welded, pressure allowable on 36 

Scamle-^s steel, inspection, testing, and gaug- 
ing of 36 

Bolts. See Socket bolts; Slav bolts. 

Brass tubes in water-tube boilers 52 

Bridge, navigator's, exclusion of certain per- 
sons from 98 

Brass, for fittings 59 

Bronze, for fittings 59 

Brude lifeboat, rales for 79 

Buckets, fire, requirements regarding 86, 87 

Bulkheads 85, 1 1 3 

On ferryboats 113 

Butt straps on boilers, requirements for 19 



(141) 



142 



Page. 
Cable for eommtmleation requii-ed on certain 

steamers 118 

Car ferry steamers, equipments on 114 

Carley life float, buoyancy, etc. , of 78 

Cast iron and steel, use of, in boilers, pipes, and 

connections 62, 60 

Clark life raft 78 

Cocks. See Sea cocks; Stop valves. 

Color blindness, examination of licensed officers 

for 93 

Combustion chambers 42 

Concave heads IS 

Cone tops, formula for pressure allowable on 33 

Convex heads 17 

Copper pipe, use of, in marine boilers 58 

Copper tubes, use of, in water-tube boilers 52 

Cork, loose, granulated, life preservers of, pro- 
hibition of : 82 

Cotton, balal, hoAV bound and covered 87 

Diagonal stays, area of 39 

Districts, supervising, territory embraced in 5 

Dock, inspection of vessels in Ill 

"Doctor," use of, as fire pump 89 

Documents, ofTicial, public inspection of 117 

Donkey boilers, requirements for 17 

Draft of seagoing vessels, maximum, to be re- 
corded in log book 119 

Drawings of: 

Boilers 15, 50 

Lifeboats 63 

Life raits 75 

New vessels 112 

Drills required on steamers can-ying passengers . 99 

Eighth district, starting, stopping, and backing 

signals in 119 

Electric v/clding 53 

Elevators, stcain floating, location of whistles 

of 116 

Engelhardt collapsible boat 77 

Engineers: 

Grades of, and requirements for eligibility to 
license 107 

Examination of boilers and machinery by. . . 109 

License of. See Licenses. 

Report of, on repairs 110 

Routes of 107 

Equipments approved for use on steam vessels. 124 
Evaporators: 

Safety valve required on 62 

Steam pressure allowable on 61 

Excursion steamers: 

Issuance of permits for 114 

Lifeboats and life-saving equipments re- 
quired on 114 

Regulations regarding 114 

Feed pipe. See Pipe. 

Feed water for marine boilers, temperature of. . 54 

Feed-water healers, pressure allowable on 61 

Fenders, sheet-iron, behind boilers of western 

river steamers 88 

Fcrrosteel 59 

Ferry barges, life-saving appliances on 1 14 

FeiTvboats 113 

Bulkheads on 113 

For railroad passenger cars, life-saving equip- 
ments, c\.-c.., of 114 

Lifeboats and life preservers for 113 

Watch on 106 

Findings of inspectors in trials of licensed ofTi- 

cers, notification of 121 

Fire alarm, general 99 

Fire apparatus: 

Examination of, by both local inspectors 116 

On passenger barges 114 

On vessels 86 

Fire barrels, requirements regarding 86, 87 

Fire boats, lifeboats on 74 

Fiic buckets, requirements regarding 88, 87 

Fire drill on pa.ssenger steamers 98 

Fire extinguishers: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 128 

Chemical, regulations regarding 90, 91 

Fire pipes, requirements for 88. 89 

Fire pumps, requirements for 88-90 

Fishuig vessels, steam, license for master or 

mate of 106 



Page. 

Flanges in steam and feed pipes 57, 58 

Flat surfaces, stress allowable on 42, 43 

Float. See Life float. 
Flues: 

Bracing of 33, 34 

Corragatcd, thickness of, measurement of .30 

Drilling of 36 

Externally fired boilers 16 

Pressure allowable on, formulas lor 30-36 

Adamson type 31,-32 

Brown type 31 

Cone-shaped 33 

Cornigated 30 

Fox type 30 

Having sections IS inches long 31 

Leeds susi)ension bulb 30 

Morison coiTUgated type 30 

Purves type 31 

Spherical top '. . 32 

Used for steam chimneys 18 

Vertical type ' 33 

Requirements for 30-36 

Steam chimney, pressure allowable on 18, 19 

Fog bell required on vessels, size and material 

of 120 

Freight, stowage of, duty of mate to supervise. . 104 

Furnaces, pressure allowable on 30 

Steel for, tensile strength and elongation re- 
quired 30 

See Flues. 
Fusible plugs, requirements for 44 

Gas fire apparatus 88 

Gauge cocks on boilers 44 

Gauges: 

Steam, on boilers 45 

Water, on boilers 44 

Girders, boiler, formula for pressure on 42 

Guns, line-carrying 82 

Approved for use on steam vessels 127 

Carriages for, numbering of S3 

Manufacturer's affidavit of test of 83 

Powder charge for 82 

Gusset stays 39 

Hatches, covering of 102 

Hawaiian Lslands, license for master or mate of 

coasting vessels in 100 

Heads, boiler: 

Pressure allowable on 17.18 

Requirements for 16, 17, 18 

Western rivers 16 

Kemp , billed, hovv' bound and covered 87 

Hose, fire, test and inspection of 90 

Hose, firC; when may be uncoupled 90 

Hulls: 

Boring of, to determine soundness Ill 

Drawings of 112 

Huston brace, pressure allowable on 39 

Hydrostatic test of boilers 17, 52 

Inflammable articles, certain, prohibited as 

stores on passenger and pleasure steamers. 119 M 1 
Inflammable materiaf, protection of, from fire . . 87 ■ 

Inspection of steam vessels 111 S 

Application for Ill B 

Docked for repairs Ill B 

Employed by the Government Ill • 1 

For renewal of certificate, time of 112 

Hulls Ill 

Reports on, bv local boards 117 

Inspection certificates: 

Period of 112 

Revocation or suspension of 112 

Signatures to 112 

Inspectors: 

Duties of 115 

Local 6 

Joint examination of fire apparatus by UG 

Joint test of boiler by hydrostatic pressure 

by 116 

Notification of, of decisions of supervising 
inspector and issuance of permits to carry 

passengers 115 

Notification of, of licenses refused, revoked, 

or suspcndea in adjoining districts 115 

Reports by 116 

Rules for government of, in trials of licensed 
officers 120 



Page. 
Inspectors— Continued. 

Supervising •'> 

Annual reports of 115,117 

Appeal to, in caccs of trial of licensed olTicers . 121 
Notification to loc-al inspectors of decisions 
of, and permits to carry passengers issued 

bv 115 

Testimony of, method ol obtaining by 

other inspectors 11^' 

Instruments approved for use on steam vessels. 124 
Iron: 
Cast, use of, in boiters, pipes and connections. GO 

Malleable, fittings of, in boilers, etc 52 

Plates, requirements for 11 

"Joint rule" for examination of fire apparatus 

and hydrostatic test of boiler 116 

Joints: , 

Of steam and feed pipes 50, 57 

Riveted lap, formulas for pitch of rivets in.. . 20 
Slip, in steam pipes 59 

Kapok life preservers, prohibition of 82 

Ladders on passenger steamers and barges 84 

Lamps, glass^ how fitted 88 

Laws, pilot, issue of, to licensees 96 

I^eeds funiace 30 

Licenses, officers': 

Application for 92 

Certificates requiied for 93 

Canceled, examination of 96 

Engineers' — 

Classes of and requirements for 107 

Designation of toimage of A-essels on 108 

For motor vessels 110 

Examination for 93,94 

Place of 92 

Ink to be used for 94 

Issued, reports on, by local boards 117 

Loss of, certificate ofl 94 

Making out of 94 

Masters'— 
Examination for color blindness before 

granting of 93 

For Hawaiian and Porto Ptican coasting 

vessels 106 

For sail vessels of over 700 gross tons 110 

For barges carrying passengers Ill 

For steam pilot boats 106 

For steam fishing vessels 106 

For steam vessels .• 9^102 

Issue of pilot noles and regulations with 96 

Mates' — 
Examination for color blindness before 

granting oi 93 

Examination for, inland or river steamers. . 104 
For Hawaiian and Porto Rican coasting 

vessels 106 

For stes^m fishing vessels 106 

For steam pilot boats 106 

For steam vessels 102-104 

Method of obtaining 92 

New, for change of grade 94 

Origmal 92 

Pilots' 104-107 

Educational requirement for 94, 105 

Examination for color blindness before 

granting of 93 

Experience required for 105-107 

Extension of, to new route 105 

For yachts (owners) 106 

Issue of pilot rules and regulations with 96 

Raise of grade of 96 

Refusal of, statement of re;isons for 94 

Refused, report of, by local baards 117 

Renewal of 96 

E vidence of applicants' title to 95 

For new waters 96 

Revocation of 97 

For drtmkenness and other misconduct 97 

Rules of praetice lor trials for ". 120 

Revoked— 

New I icenses to former holders of 97 

Report of, by local boards 117 

Sun-ender of 97 

Signatitres to 112 



Page. 

Licenses, officers'— Continued. 
Special, eligibility of holders of, for examina- 
tion for higher grade 109 

Suspended- 
New licenses to former .holders of 97 

Report of, by local boards 1 15, 117 

Surrender of. 97 

Suspen'^ion of 97, 120 

For drunkenness and other miscondiKJt 97 

Rules of practice for trials for KO 

Term of dtuation of 97 

Lifeboats: 

Air tanks of C4 

Approved for use on steam vessels 124 

Capacity of, determination of 71 

Construction of 63-68 

Disengaging apparatus for 124 

Drawings, si)ecifications, and name plate for. 63 

Drill in handling 98 

Engelhardt 77 

Eqtiipmcnts of OS 

For ferryboats 113 

For fire "boats 74 

For Hawaiian steamers 69 

For motor boats 75 

For ocean vessels, size and equipment of.. . 69,71 

For passenger sail vessels 75 

For steam vessels, various kinds 72 

For stern-wheel towing steamers 74 

Inspection of, when built 63 

Lundin 79 

Method of carrying 70 

Motor-driven , on steamers 74 

Powell's emergency ration on 69 

Life floats: 

Carley, buoyancy, etc., of 78 

Wooden, requirements for 82 

Life preservers: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 127 

For ferryboats 113 

For sail vessels 75 

Granulated cork, loose, prohibition of 82 

Kapok, prohibition of 82 

Requirements for , SO 

lafe-raft cylinders, construction of 76 

Life rafts: 

Aj)proved for use on steam vessels 125 

Barstow 78 

Buoyancy and equipments of 77-79 

Capacity, catamaran, hov^ determined 79 

Clark 78 

Drawings, specifications, and name plate for. 75 

Granulated cork, loose, prohibition of 82 

Inspection of, when built 75 

Marking of capacity on 75 

Lights, tinauthorized, carrying of, prohibited .. 120 

Line-carrying gans and projectiles 82 

Approved for use on steam vessels 127 

CfeV to be drilled in use of, and drills entered 

on log 98 

Log book, diaft of seagoing vessels to be re- 

cordod in 119 

Lookout. See Vfatch. 

Low-water gauge. See Water gauge. 

Machiuerv: 

Approved for use on stoam vessels 1 24 

Inspection of, by new exigineer 109 

Unsafe, engmcer's rep<Ht of 110 

Manholes in boilers 16 

Western rivers 16 

Manufacturers' afii davits: 

Of test of line-carrving gun 83 

Of valves and fittings (.0 

Regarding marine steam boilers 12 

Constructed of material tested at the mill. . 11 

Using steel braces 41 

Manufacturer of boiler tubes, statement of 38 

Manufactiuers' Standard 61 

Masters: 

J^icense of. See Licenses 99-102 

Licensed master required on every steam 

vessel of over 100 tons underway 99 

Passenger steamers, duties of (fire drill, etc. ) . 08 

Mates: 

Inland or river passenger steamers, duties of. 101 

License oL See Licenses 102-104 



144 



Means of escape from steamers SG 

Motor vessels: 

Ejagineer's license for 110 

Experience on, allowable for pilot's license.. 105 

On steamers carrying passengers 74 

Whistles on , 118 

Name of steamer, mirktng of, on equipments. . 86 

Name plate: 

On boiler 44 

On lifeboats and rafts 63, 76 

Nintii district, starting, stopping, and backing 

signals in 119 

Oineers, licensed: 

Publications furnished 96 

Reports of, on accidents 98 

Rules and regulations regarding 91 

Trials of, rules of practice for 120 

Officers, Steamboat-Inspection Service 5 

Official records and documents, public inspec- 
tion of 117 

Oil allowed as stores on passenger steamers 119 

Oxy-acetylene welding 53 

Passengers, deck or steerage, assignment of 

space to 1C4 

Passenger sail vessels and barges: 

Ladders on 84 

Life-saving and fire-fighting equipment of . 75, 114 

Passenger steamers: 

Automobiles carried on 91 

Exclusion of certain persons from bridge and 

pilot house of 98 

Fii-e drill, etc., on 98 

Ladders on 84 

Lifeboats for 68-74 

Oil and petroleum on 119 

Stairways on 84 

Watchmen on 106 

Permit to towing steamers 109 

Petroleum, refined: 

Carrying of, on passenger steamers 119 

Receptacles for 119 

Pilot boats, steam, license for master or mate of. 106 

Pilot house: 

Exclusion of certain persons from 98 

Flashing of searchlight into, prohibition of. . 120 

Pilot rules and regulations, issue of, to licensees . 96 

Pilots: 

Extension of route of 96 

First-class, defined 105 

Guidance of, by rules of Board of Supervising 

Inspectors 105 

Illiterate, issue of licenses to 94 

License of. Sec Licenses 104-107 

Route of, extension of 105 

Pipes: 

Bilge 90 

Cast iron and steel in 59 

Copper, requirements for 56 

Feed, joints, flanges, etc., of 55-59 

Fire 88 

Holes for, in boilers, reenforcement of 58 

Main steam, thickness of, and jjressure allow- 
able on 54 

Seanilcss steel, material, inspection, and tests 

of....'. 35 

Sounding 90 

Steam— 

For fire extinguishing, requirements for 88 

Joints, flanges, etc., of 57-59 

Lap-welded, annealing of 58 

Lap-welded, hydrostatic test of 58 

Slip joints for 59 

Welded, requirements and tests for 54 

Suction, area of 90 

Water, welded 54 

Pitch: 

Of rivets, formulas to determine 20 

Of stays, maximum 38 

Plates: 

Iron, requirements for 11 

Lap joints in, formulas for pilch of rivets for. 20 

Steel, requirements for 10 

See Boiler plates. 

Plugs, fusible, in boilers 44 

Porcupine-type boilers, pressure allowable on. . 51 



Page. 
Porto Rico, license for master or mate of coast- 
ing vessels in 106 

Powell's emergency ration on lifeboats 69 

Projectiles, line-carrying 82 

Publications furnished licensed officers 96 

Pumps: 

Boiler-testing 89 

Fire 88-90 

Coimection of, with hold 90 

Steam, approved for use on steam vessels 129 

Purves furnace 31 

Quenching test, steel boiler plates 10 

Railroad passenger cars on ferryboat, unlocking 

of doors ol ". 114 

Records, official, public inspection of 115 

Reenforeing: 

Electric process . . .* 53 

Oxy-acetylene process 53 

Regulations, pilot, issue of, to licensees 98 

Repairs: 

Inspection of vessels docked for Ill 

Inspectors must be notified of 110 

Permit to proceed to other ports for 112 

Reports: 
Annual, of supervising andlocal inspectors. 115, 117 

Inspectors', publication of 115 

Master's monthly 98 

Of accidents— 

By licensed officers 98 

By local boards 117 

Of examinations into alleged violations of 

steamboat law, by local boards 117 

Of licenses issued, re'voked, suspended, and 

refused, by local boards 117 

Of repairs, by engineer 110 

Of steamers Inspected, by local boards ^ 117 

Of unsafe boilers or machinery, by engineer ... 110 
Tabular, of vessels inspected, e'tc, by local 

boards '. 117 

Ring buoys may be required _ . 82 

Rivet holes in boilers, drilling of , etc 16 

Rivets, pitch of, etc., formulas for determining. 20 

Rockets, line-carrying 82 

Approved for use on steam vessels 127 

Rule I.— Boiler plate 9 

Rule II.— Boilers and attachments 13 

Rule III. — BoatSj rafts, bulkheads, and life- 
saving appliances 62 

Rule IV.— Fire apparatus 86 

Rule V. — Licensed officers 91 

Rule VI. — Inspection of vessels Ill 

Rule VII.— Ferryboats 113 

Rule VIII. — Excursion steamers 114 

Rule IX.— Barges 114 

Rixle X. — Duties of mspectors 115 

Rule XL— Miscellaneous 118 

Rules: 
Of order for meetings of Board of Supervising 

Inspectors 122 

Of practice 120 

Pilot, issue of, to licensees 96 

Safety valves: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 129 

Area of • 45 

How fitted to boiler 45, 60 

Lever 49 

Lock-up for steamers that have carried excess 

of steam 117 

On evaporators 02 

Spring-loaded 49 

Sail vessels: 
Passenger — 
Lifeboat and life preserver, equipment of. 72,80 

School ships, experience on 102 

Sea cocks 61 

Searchlight, flashing of, into pilot house, pro- 
hibition of 120 

Semisteel 59 

Separators, pressure allowable on 61 

Shells. See Boiler shells. 
Signals: 
G ong, tube to return sound of. to pilot house ..118 
Starting, stopping, and backing, in eighth 

and ninth districts 119 

Telegraph, repetition of 118 



145 



Page. 
Siphons, steam: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 129 

For use as bilge pipes 90 

Slip joints in steam pipe 59 

Sounding apparatus and hand line, deep-sea, 

required on certain ocean steamers 116 

Sounding pipes requued 90 

Speaking tube between pilot house and engine 

room 118 

Spherical top furnaces 32 

Stairways on passenger steamers 84 

Stamps on boiler plates: 

Inspector's 9 

Manufacturer's 9 

Station bill on passenger steamers 98 

Stay bolts, boiler, requirements for 19, 38, 42 

Stays, boiler: 

Diagonal and gusset 39 

Pitch of 42 

Requirements for 19, 38, 42 

^Stress allowable on : . . 38, 42 

Steamboat-Inspection Service, officers of 5 

Steamboat law, violations of, report of inves- 
tigations of, by local boards 117 

Steam-chimney flues, pressure allowable on, 

formulas for 18 

Steamers inspected, reports on, by local boards. 117 

Steam fire apparatus 88 

Steam pipe. See Pipe. 
Steam pumps. See Pumps. 
Steel, cast, use of, in boilers, pipes, and con- 
nections 52, 59 

Steel plates, requirements for 10 

Steering apparatus, extra, on steamers 84 

Stairways on passenger steamers 84 

Stop valves for boilers 60 

Subpoenas to be served on witnesses in trials 

of licensed officers 120 

Suction pipes, area of 90 

Superheater. See Steam chimney. 
Supervising inspectors. See Inspectors. 

Tanks: 

Approved for use on steam vessels 129 

Requirements regarding 87 

Telegraph between pilot house and engine- 
room, repetition of signals on 118 

Telephone required between pilot house and 

engine-room on certain steamers 118 



Page. 
Testing. See Boilers; Boiler plates, etc. 
Testimony of inspectors, method of obtaining, 

by other inspectors 116, 121 

Towing steamers, stern-wheel, lifeboats for 74 

Trials of licensed officers: 

Rules of practice for 120 

Tube sheets, stress allowable on 24 

Tubes: 

Copper and brass, in water-tube boilers 52 

Lap- welded, material, inspection, and tests 

of 30 

Seamless steel, material, tests, and gauging of. 
Speaking, between pilot house and engine- 36 

room 118 

Statement of manufacturer of J8 

To return sound of gong signals to pilot house. 118 

Valves: 

Affidavit of manufacturer of 00 

Marking of 60 

On steam fire pipes 88 

Sea 61 

Stop, in boilers 60 

See Safety valves. 

Valves and fittings, requirements for 60 

Vapor fii-e apparatus 88 

Vessels inspected, alphabetic lists of, by local 

inspectors 117 

Vessels, new, drawings of 112 

Watch on steamers 106, 119 

Water gauge on boilers 44 

Welding 53 

Western river boilers 16 

Fenders behind 88 

Whistles: 

On motor vessels 118 

Steam, location of 116 

Steam, unnecessary sounding of, prohibited. . 120 
Witnesses, examination of, in trials of licensed 

officers 121 

Woodwork near boilers, protection of 22 

Working boat 74 

Yachts: 

License as pilot of 106 

Yukon River steamers, lifeboats for 74 



85797°— 13 10 



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LB0'13 



